Family economic self-sufficiency

In brief

Overview

Some early childhood home visiting models in the HomVEE review have a goal of improving the self-sufficiency of participating families. To achieve this goal, models facilitate parents’ engagement in educational and training programs, and encourage their pursuit of employment. Some models also help families access family support services such as temporary cash assistance and supplemental food programs. Home visitors accomplish these tasks by providing information about services in the community and linking families to self-sufficiency programs. Some may directly provide educational and training services (such as GED classes).

Measurement considerations

Outcomes in this domain measure a family’s economic well-being, including income and earnings, as well as receipt of means-tested public assistance and access to resources such as housing and transportation. The family economic self-sufficiency outcomes also measure employment and educational enrollment or attainment, and other sources of support such as child support from a noncustodial parent. Measures of the mother’s partnership status (married, cohabiting, and so on) are ineligible for review. Outcome measures in this domain include measures of public assistance receipt that are based on government administrative records and maternal self-reports of service receipt and economic outcomes. 

Primary caregiver and overall household economic wellbeing outcomes belong in this domain. These include primary caregivers’ educational attainment and enrollment, and their income and earnings. Eligible outcomes also include overall household income, access to transportation, other sources of financial support such as child support from a noncustodial parent, and receipt of means-tested public assistance. (The favorability of positive or negative findings in this area may be dependent on context or other factors. In some cases, the HomVEE team will confer with subject matter experts to make determinations about whether a finding is favorable, or unfavorable or ambiguous.) By extension, including measures of the father’s or mother’s current partner’s socioeconomic status (such as that person’s education, employment, or earnings), are ineligible for review unless (1) the manuscript reports these same outcomes for the mother as well and (2) the father or partner is coresident (so that HomVEE can assess the overall situation of the household). 

In-kind support that the primary caregiver received is categorized in this domain, whereas social/emotional support to the mother belongs in the maternal health domain. HomVEE characterizes more support as favorable. (The favorability of positive or negative findings in this area may be dependent on context or other factors. In some cases, the HomVEE team will confer with subject matter experts to make determinations about whether a finding is favorable, or unfavorable or ambiguous.) 

Measures of the mother’s partnership status (married, cohabiting, and so forth) and of whether the family resides with the child’s grantparent(s) are not eligible for review, because they are not clear indicators of family economic self-sufficiency.

Summary of findings

The effects shown in the research are grouped into four categories: (1) favorable, (2) no effect, (3) unfavorable or ambiguous, and (4) not measured. Results for models that only have low-rated research are listed as “not applicable.” For more information on these categories please read the procedures and standards handbook. Only results from manuscripts that receive a moderate or high rating are considered below. This table includes manuscripts links to more information on the model’s effectiveness, implementation, and details on findings in this domain.

Effects shown in research — Family economic self-sufficiency

Displaying 1 - 68 of 68
Model Meets HHS criteria Findings For more information

Arizona Health Start Program

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up (ABC) -Infant

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up (ABC) -Toddler

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Child First

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Child Parent Enrichment Project (CPEP)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Childhood Asthma Prevention Study (CAPS)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Computer-Assisted Motivational Intervention (CAMI)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

CAMI+

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

IMH-HB EHS

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Early Head Start—Home-based option

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 16
No effect: 73
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 1
For more information

Early Intervention Program for Adolescent Mothers

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 2
No effect: 0
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Early Start (New Zealand)

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 0
No effect: 4
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Early Steps to School Success™—Home Visiting

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Even Start-Home Visiting (Birth to Age 5)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Family Check-Up® For Children

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Family Connections (Birth to Age 5)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Family Connects

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Family Spirit®

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Not measured
For more information

First Born® Program

Findings
Not measured
For more information

Following Baby Back Home (FBBH)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Health Access Nurturing Development Services (HANDS) Program

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 2
No effect: 0
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 1
For more information

HealthConnect One's® Community-Based Doula Program

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Healthy Beginnings

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Healthy Families America (HFA)®

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 7
No effect: 53
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 2
For more information

Healthy Steps (National Evaluation 1996 Protocol)

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Home Instruction for Parents of Preschool Youngsters (HIPPY)®

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Home-Start

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

HOMEBUILDERS (Birth to Age 5)®

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories (INSIGHT)

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Maternal Early Childhood Sustained Home-Visiting Program (MECSH)

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 0
No effect: 2
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Maternal Infant Health Outreach Worker (MIHOW)®

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Maternal Infant Health Program (MIHP)

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Minding the Baby® Home Visiting (MTB-HV)

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Not measured
For more information

MOM Program

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Favorable: 0
No effect: 13
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Mothers’ Advocates in the Community (MOSAIC)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

New Forest Parenting Programme (NFPP)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

North Carolina Baby Love Maternal Outreach Workers Program

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 12
No effect: 78
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 2
For more information

Nurses for Newborns®

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Nurturing Parenting Programs (Birth to Age 5)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Oklahoma’s Community-Based Family Resource and Support (CBFRS) Program

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Parent-Child Assistance Program (PCAP)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

ParentChild+® Core Model

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Parents as Teachers (PAT)®

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 1
No effect: 26
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 1
For more information

Baby FACE, an adaptation of PAT®

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Parents as First Teachers (New Zealand)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Favorable: 0
No effect: 12
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 1
For more information

Philani Outreach Programme

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Play and Learning Strategies (PALS) Infant

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Not measured
For more information

PALS Infant + Toddler/Preschooler

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

PALS Toddler/Preschooler

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Preparing for Life—Home Visiting

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 0
No effect: 24
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Pride in Parenting (PIP)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Promoting First Relationships®—Home Visiting Intervention Model

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Promoting First Relationships®—Home Visiting Promotion Model

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Promoting Parental Skills and Enhancing Attachment in Early Childhood (CAPEDP) Trial

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Resource Mothers Program

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Resources, Education, and Care in the Home (REACH)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

REST Routine

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

SafeCare®

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Australian Adaptation of UCLA Parent-Child Health and Wellness Project

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

SafeCare Augmented

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 0
No effect: 2
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Seattle-King County Healthy Homes Project

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Triple P - Positive Parenting Program®—Variants suitable for home visiting

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Triple P - Home Visiting: Standard Stepping Stones

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

British Autism Study of Infant Siblings (iBASIS-VIPP)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Video-Feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting-Sensitive Discipline® (VIPP-SD)

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Video-Feedback Intervention to Promote Positive Parenting adapted to Autism (VIPP-AUTI)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Video-Feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting (VIPP)

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Not measured
For more information