Landsverk, J., Carrilio, T., Connelly, C. D., Ganger, W., Slymen, D., Newton, R., et al. (2002). Healthy Families San Diego clinical trial: Technical report. San Diego, CA: The Stuart Foundation, California Wellness Foundation, State of California Department of Social Services: Office of Child Abuse Prevention.
Model(s) Reviewed:
Healthy Families America (HFA)®
| Screening decision | Screening conclusion | HomVEE procedures and standards version |
|---|---|---|
| Passes screens | Eligible for review | Version 1 |
| Rating | Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Compromised randomization | Confounding factors | Valid, reliable measure(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Randomized controlled trial | Low | Established on race/ethnicity and SES. | None | None | Not assessed in manuscripts reviewed before 2021 |
Notes:
In 2020, HomVEE updated this review to move "Child has insurance coverage" from the Child Health domain to the Family Economic Self-Sufficiency domain because ACF determined that health insurance coverage belongs in that domain.
High rating applies to year 1 and year 3 findings. Insurance findings receive a moderate rating because of baseline differences on health insurance at birth.
| Study participants | Using computerized hospital records, the records of all births were screened for eligibility criteria including (1) residence in the target area, (2) being a non-military family, and (3) speaking English or Spanish. Families meeting these criteria were screened for risk factors for child abuse and neglect. Mothers who screened positive for risk or for whom there was not sufficient information to screen them out, were screened further using the Kempe Family Stress Checklist (FSC). Families in which either parent received a score of 25 or greater on the FSC were randomly assigned to the treatment or control group using a deck of cards. 515 families agreed to participate in the study and were randomly assigned (255 to the control group and 260 to the treatment group). Participant enrollment took place between February 1, 1996, and March 31, 1997. 247 program group families and 241 comparison group families completed a baseline interview. At baseline, 32.8% of all mothers were under age 20. 26.8% of participating mothers were Hispanic (English-speaking), 19.3% were Hispanic (Spanish-speaking), 24.2% were Caucasian, 19.5% were African American, and 10.2% were Asian or of another race/ethnicity. 53.4% of participants did not have a high school diploma, 52.3% were receiving food stamps, 55.7% were receiving TANF, and 52.3% were unemployed. This study reports results from three years of follow-up of the Healthy Families San Diego clinical trial. The analytic samples for the control group were 214, 207, and 207 for years 1, 2, and 3, respectively. For the program group, the corresponding analytic samples were 221, 196, and 205 for years 1, 2, and 3 . |
|---|---|
| Setting | San Diego County, a primarily urban county that includes suburban and rural regions. |
| Intervention services | Home visitors were randomly assigned to families and attempted to visit them at the hospital following the birth of the child. Initial assessments were conducted in a home visit to gauge family needs and develop an Individualized Family Service Plan. In addition to home visits, families were encouraged to attend group meetings for parents and/or children. Visits continued until children reached age 3. |
| Comparison conditions | Families in the comparison group were given a list of community resources at the time of the baseline interview. |
| Subgroups examined |
This field lists subgroups examined in the manuscript (even if they were not replicated in other samples and not reported on the summary page for this model’s report). • Race/ethnicity (Hispanic, White, or African American) |
| Funding sources | The Stuart Foundation; California Wellness Foundation; State of California Department of Social Services: Office of Child Abuse Prevention |
| Author affiliation | None of the study authors are developers of this model. |
| Peer reviewed | Peer reviewed status is not listed for manuscripts reviewed before 2021. |
Findings that rate moderate or high
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | BSID, Mental Development Index (MDI) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 422 children | Mean = 105.00 | Mean = 102.50 | Mean difference = 2.50 | HomVEE calculated = 0.23 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
|
| High | BSID, Motor MDI | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 422 children | Mean = 113.50 | Mean = 113.00 | Mean difference = 0.50 | HomVEE calculated = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | CBCL Aggressive T score | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 382 children | Mean = 53.50 | Mean = 53.60 | Mean difference = -0.10 | HomVEE calculated = -0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | CBCL Anxious/Depressed T score | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 382 children | Mean = 53.50 | Mean = 54.30 | Mean difference = -0.80 | HomVEE calculated = -0.14 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | CBCL Behavior Problems | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 382 children | Mean = 49.70 | Mean = 51.10 | Mean difference = -1.40 | HomVEE calculated = -0.15 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | CBCL Destructive T score | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 382 children | Mean = 53.60 | Mean = 53.35 | Mean difference = 0.30 | HomVEE calculated = 0.05 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | CBCL Externalizing problems T score | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 382 children | Mean = 49.40 | Mean = 49.90 | Mean difference = -0.50 | HomVEE calculated = -0.06 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | CBCL Internalizing problems T score | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 382 children | Mean = 50.90 | Mean = 52.60 | Mean difference = -1.70 | HomVEE calculated = -0.17 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | CBCL Sleep problems T score | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 382 children | Mean = 52.30 | Mean = 52.70 | Mean difference = -0.40 | HomVEE calculated = -0.09 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | CBCL Somatic problems T score | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 382 children | Mean = 53.80 | Mean = 55.20 | Mean difference = -1.40 | HomVEE calculated = -0.24 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
|
| High | CBCL Withdrawn T score | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 382 children | Mean = 55.10 | Mean = 56.10 | Mean difference = -1.00 | HomVEE calculated = -0.13 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Stanford Binet Abstract/Visual Reasoning SAS | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 children | Mean = 90.60 | Mean = 90.50 | Mean difference = 0.10 | HomVEE calculated = 0.01 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Stanford Binet Communication Survey | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 children | Mean = 101.80 | Mean = 101.90 | Mean difference = -0.10 | HomVEE calculated = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Stanford Binet Partial Composite | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 children | Mean = 91.30 | Mean = 91.30 | Mean difference = 0.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Stanford Binet Short Term Memory SAS | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 children | Mean = 98.60 | Mean = 97.80 | Mean difference = 0.80 | HomVEE calculated = 0.08 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Stanford Binet Sum of Area SAS | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 children | Mean = 326.90 | Mean = 331.60 | Mean difference = -4.70 | HomVEE calculated = -0.06 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Stanford Binet Verbal Reasoning Memory SAS | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 children | Mean = 86.50 | Mean = 87.30 | Mean difference = -0.80 | HomVEE calculated = -0.07 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Child has regular health care site | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 children | % = 98.00 | % = 98.50 | = -0.50 | HomVEE calculated = -0.18 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Child has regular health care site | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 435 children | % = 98.10 | % = 97.70 | = 0.40 | HomVEE calculated = 0.12 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Child has specific health care provider | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 435 children | % = 74.00 | % = 81.60 | = -7.60 | HomVEE calculated = -0.27 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Child has specific health care provider | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 children | % = 63.60 | % = 72.20 | = -8.60 | HomVEE calculated = -0.24 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Compliance with recommended number of well-child visits | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 435 children | % = 58.60 | % = 59.60 | = -1.00 | HomVEE calculated = -0.03 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Compliance with recommended number of well-child visits | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 children | % = 85.80 | % = 83.80 | = 3.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.09 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Immunizations up-to-date | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 children | % = 96.90 | % = 95.90 | = 1.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.18 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Number of sick visits | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 435 children | Median = 3.00 | Median = 3.00 | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Number of sick visits | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 children | Median = 1.00 | Median = 1.00 | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Number of well-child visits | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 435 children | Mean = 7.00 | Mean = 6.80 | Mean difference = 0.20 | HomVEE calculated = 0.05 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Number of well-child visits | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 children | Mean = 2.40 | Mean = 1.90 | Mean difference = 0.50 | HomVEE calculated = 0.22 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | WIC receipt | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 families | % = 68.00 | % = 71.00 | = -3.00 | HomVEE calculated = -0.09 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | WIC receipt | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 435 families | % = 91.00 | % = 91.00 | = 0.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Adult education | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 435 families | % = 23.00 | % = 21.00 | = 2.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Adult education | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 families | % = 22.00 | % = 21.00 | = 1.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Child has insurance coverage | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 435 children | % = 84.20 | % = 87.20 | = -3.00 | HomVEE calculated = -0.15 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | This study was assigned a moderate rating for this outcome due to statistically significant differences between the program and comparison groups at baseline.
|
| High | Child has insurance coverage | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 children | % = 82.40 | % = 84.00 | = -1.60 | HomVEE calculated = -0.07 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Child support enforcement | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 families | % = 14.00 | % = 12.00 | = 2.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.11 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Child support enforcement | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 435 families | % = 10.00 | % = 16.00 | = -6.00 | HomVEE calculated = -0.33 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
|
| High | Emergency food | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 families | % = 11.00 | % = 8.00 | = 3.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.21 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Emergency food | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 435 families | % = 13.00 | % = 9.00 | = 4.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.25 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | In contrast to the study-reported results, HomVEE calculations showed this difference to be statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). The HomVEE tests of statistical significance are based on the HomVEE calculated effect sizes, whereas authors may have used other techniques to determine statistical significance, such as regression models or analyses of variance (ANOVA). |
| High | Food stamps | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 families | % = 43.00 | % = 44.00 | = -1.00 | HomVEE calculated = -0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Food stamps | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 435 families | % = 59.00 | % = 58.00 | = 1.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Homeless shelter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 families | % = 1.00 | % = 1.00 | = 0.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Homeless shelter | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 435 families | % = 2.00 | % = 1.00 | = 1.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.43 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Legal aid | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 families | % = 7.00 | % = 4.00 | = 3.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.36 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Legal aid | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 435 families | % = 7.00 | % = 6.00 | = 1.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.10 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Mother earned HS degree or currently enrolled | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 families | % = 58.00 | % = 59.00 | = -1.00 | HomVEE calculated = -0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Mother earned HS degree or currently enrolled | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 435 families | % = 64.00 | % = 61.00 | = 3.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.08 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Mother attended school | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 families | % = 37.00 | % = 28.00 | = 9.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.25 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
|
| High | Mother attended school | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 435 families | % = 43.00 | % = 40.00 | = 3.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Mother worked | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 families | % = 69.00 | % = 70.00 | = -1.00 | HomVEE calculated = -0.03 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Mother worked | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 435 families | % = 49.00 | % = 49.00 | = 0.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Section 8 housing | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 435 families | % = 8.00 | % = 11.00 | = -3.00 | HomVEE calculated = -0.21 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | In contrast to the study-reported results, HomVEE calculations showed this difference to be statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). The HomVEE tests of statistical significance are based on the HomVEE calculated effect sizes, whereas authors may have used other techniques to determine statistical significance, such as regression models or analyses of variance (ANOVA). |
| High | Section 8 housing | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 families | % = 10.00 | % = 7.00 | = 3.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.24 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Someone in household worked | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 435 families | % = 74.00 | % = 71.00 | = 3.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.09 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Someone in household worked | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 families | % = 84.00 | % = 83.00 | = 1.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Use of respite care | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 families | % = 2.00 | % = 1.00 | = 1.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.43 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Use of respite care | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 435 families | % = 3.00 | % = 1.00 | = 2.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.68 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Welfare receipt | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 families | % = 43.00 | % = 46.00 | = -3.00 | HomVEE calculated = -0.07 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Welfare receipt | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 435 families | % = 62.00 | % = 63.00 | = -1.00 | HomVEE calculated = -0.03 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Above threshold for depression (CES-D = 16) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 follow-up | 435 mothers | % = 39.00 | % = 42.00 | = -3.00 | HomVEE calculated = -0.08 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Above threshold for depression (CES-D = 16) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 follow-up | 412 mothers | % = 33.00 | % = 29.00 | = 4.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.11 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Confidence in adult relationships | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 follow-up | 435 mothers | Mean = 33.40 | Mean = 33.80 | Mean difference = -0.40 | HomVEE calculated = -0.08 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Confidence in adult relationships | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 follow-up | 412 mothers | Mean = 33.70 | Mean = 33.80 | Mean difference = -0.10 | HomVEE calculated = -0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Depressive symptoms (CES-D) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 follow-up | 412 mothers | Mean = 12.50 | Mean = 12.90 | Mean difference = -0.40 | HomVEE calculated = -0.04 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Depressive symptoms (CES-D) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 follow-up | 435 mothers | Mean = 14.50 | Mean = 15.50 | Mean difference = -1.00 | HomVEE calculated = -0.10 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Drinks per day | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 follow-up | 435 mothers | Mean = 2.50 | Mean = 2.30 | Mean difference = 0.20 | HomVEE calculated = 0.08 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Drinks per day | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 follow-up | 412 mothers | Mean = 2.10 | Mean = 2.40 | Mean difference = -0.30 | HomVEE calculated = -0.15 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Maternal social support (MHI) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 follow-up | 435 mothers | Mean = 18.60 | Mean = 19.10 | Mean difference = -0.50 | HomVEE calculated = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Mental Health (MHI) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 follow-up | 435 mothers | Mean = 22.90 | Mean = 22.20 | Mean difference = 0.70 | HomVEE calculated = 0.15 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Mental Health (MHI) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 follow-up | 412 mothers | Mean = 24.00 | Mean = 24.10 | Mean difference = -0.10 | HomVEE calculated = -0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Parenting Stress (PSI) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 mothers | Mean = 71.20 | Mean = 72.82 | Mean difference = -1.60 | HomVEE calculated = -0.08 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Parenting Stress (PSI) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 435 mothers | Mean = 72.40 | Mean = 71.22 | Mean difference = 1.20 | HomVEE calculated = 0.06 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Problem substance use (CAGE Alcohol Screening">CAGE Alcohol Screening">CAGE Alcohol Screening">CAGE Alcohol Screening">CAGE Alcohol Screening">CAGE) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 follow-up | 435 mothers | % = 21.00 | % = 18.00 | = 3.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.54 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Problem substance use (CAGE Alcohol Screening">CAGE Alcohol Screening">CAGE Alcohol Screening">CAGE Alcohol Screening">CAGE Alcohol Screening">CAGE) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 follow-up | 412 mothers | % = 9.00 | % = 10.00 | = -1.00 | HomVEE calculated = -0.07 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Repeat birth within 36 months of index birth | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 follow-up | 412 mothers | % = 27.00 | % = 22.00 | = 5.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.16 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Repeat pregnancy within 36 months of index birth | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 follow-up | 412 mothers | % = 43.00 | % = 50.00 | = -7.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.15 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Mother-child interaction, Caregiver total score (NCAST) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 mothers | Mean = 40.30 | Mean = 39.80 | Mean difference = 0.50 | HomVEE calculated = 0.09 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Mother-child interaction, Caregiver total score (NCAST) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 435 mothers | Mean = 37.10 | Mean = 35.90 | Mean difference = 1.20 | HomVEE calculated = 0.16 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Mother-child interaction, Child total score (NCAST) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 mothers | Mean = 16.60 | Mean = 16.40 | Mean difference = 0.20 | HomVEE calculated = 0.05 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Mother-child interaction, Child total score (NCAST) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 435 mothers | Mean = 17.30 | Mean = 16.80 | Mean difference = 0.50 | HomVEE calculated = 0.15 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Nonviolent discipline (CTS-PC) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 mothers | % = 95.50 | % = 95.50 | = 0.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Nonviolent discipline (CTS-PC) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 435 mothers | % = 100.00 | % = 99.50 | = 0.50 | HomVEE calculated = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Quality of home environment (HOME) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 435 mothers | Mean = 35.60 | Mean = 35.20 | Mean difference = 0.40 | HomVEE calculated = 0.06 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Quality of home environment (HOME) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 412 mothers | Mean = 40.10 | Mean = 40.10 | Mean difference = 0.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Any neglect (CTS-PC) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 422 families | % = 24.00 | % = 22.00 | = 2.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Any neglect (CTS-PC) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 382 families | % = 18.00 | % = 21.00 | = 3.00 | HomVEE calculated = -0.12 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Mild physical assault frequency (CTS-PC) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 422 families | Mean = 2.10 | Mean = 2.30 | Mean difference = -0.20 | HomVEE calculated = -0.07 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Mild physical assault frequency (CTS-PC) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 382 families | Mean = 3.40 | Mean = 4.60 | Mean difference = -1.20 | HomVEE calculated = -0.29 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
|
| High | Mild physical assault prevalence (CTS-PC) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 422 families | % = 51.00 | % = 54.00 | = 3.00 | HomVEE calculated = -0.07 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Mild physical assault prevalence (CTS-PC) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 382 families | % = 70.00 | % = 78.00 | = -8.00 | HomVEE calculated = -0.25 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Physical abuse frequency (CTS-PC) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 422 families | Mean = 0.17 | Mean = 0.26 | Mean difference = -0.09 | HomVEE calculated = -0.08 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Physical abuse frequency (CTS-PC) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 382 families | Mean = 0.13 | Mean = 0.46 | Mean difference = -0.33 | HomVEE calculated = -0.20 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Physical abuse prevalence (CTS-PC) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 382 families | % = 5.00 | % = 10.00 | = -5.00 | HomVEE calculated = -0.45 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Physical abuse prevalence (CTS-PC) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 422 families | % = 6.00 | % = 10.00 | = -4.00 | HomVEE calculated = -0.34 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Psychological aggression frequency (CTS-PC) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 382 families | Mean = 4.80 | Mean = 6.00 | Mean difference = -1.20 | HomVEE calculated = -0.27 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
|
| High | Psychological aggression frequency (CTS-PC) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 422 families | Mean = 2.70 | Mean = 3.20 | Mean difference = -0.50 | HomVEE calculated = -0.14 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Psychological aggression prevalence (CTS-PC) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 422 families | % = 59.00 | % = 63.00 | = 4.00 | HomVEE calculated = -0.10 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Psychological aggression prevalence (CTS-PC) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 382 families | % = 79.00 | % = 85.00 | = 6.00 | HomVEE calculated = -0.25 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Family court | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 422 families | % = 11.00 | % = 10.00 | = 1.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.06 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Family court | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 382 families | % = 10.00 | % = 7.00 | = 3.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.24 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Incident of physical assault, frequency (CTS) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 382 families | Mean = 0.93 | Mean = 0.87 | Mean difference = 0.06 | HomVEE calculated = 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Incident of physical assault, frequency (CTS) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 422 families | Mean = 24.70 | Mean = 2.20 | Mean difference = -0.20 | HomVEE calculated = -0.04 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Incident of physical assault, prevalence (CTS) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 382 families | % = 18.00 | % = 17.00 | = 1.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Incident of physical assault, prevalence (CTS) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 422 families | % = 36.00 | % = 39.00 | = -3.00 | HomVEE calculated = -0.08 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Partner violence resulting in injury (CTS) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 382 families | % = 8.00 | % = 6.00 | = 2.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.19 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Partner violence resulting in injury (CTS) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 422 families | % = 15.00 | % = 15.00 | = 1.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Restraining order | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 3 | 382 families | % = 6.00 | % = 4.00 | = 2.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.26 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Restraining order | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Full sample, San Diego trial | Year 1 | 422 families | % = 7.00 | % = 7.00 | = 0.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |