Positive parenting practices

In brief

Overview

Most early childhood home visiting models included in the HomVEE review are designed to promote positive parenting practices. Parenting education is often provided, either through didactic or experiential approaches. Some models use a structured curriculum to provide these services; others take a more flexible approach by addressing specific parenting needs identified during home visits. To a lesser extent, early childhood home visiting models integrate parenting interventions that have been found to improve specific parenting behaviors (for example, responsive interactions and positive behavioral support). In addition, home visitors may provide information to parents about child development or safety practices in the home.

Measurement considerations

Outcomes in this domain include knowledge of child development, safety practices, supportive behavior and engagement with the child, promotion of learning and child development, disciplinary practices, and general parenting practices such as bedtime routines. Outcome measures in this domain include observational measures of parent-child interactions or the home environment. For some measures, parent-child interactions are videotaped and then coded at a later time. For others, live coding is completed during an observation of the parent and child in the home environment. Many studies also use outcome measures based on parent self-reports of parenting attitudes and practices.

Categorizing attachment measures. Attachment between parent and child is a dyadic concept that does not map precisely to one single outcome domain HomVEE focuses on, as specified in statute. Therefore, HomVEE places attachment measures that examine caregiver behavior (such as sensitivity and nurturance), as well as measures that are truly dyadic (such as the Dyadic Coercive Interactions measure in the Relationship Affect Coding System), in the positive parenting practices domain. In contrast, if a measure of attachment examines child behavior, HomVEE places it in the child development and school readiness domain. Examples include attachment to the caregiver during infancy, engagement in a difficult task during toddler years, problem behaviors, and inhibitory control.

Cleanliness and order in the home environment are not eligible outcomes. These measures do not assess the quality of parenting because they do not provide information about parental behavior or how that behavior may affect their children. 

Mother’s satisfaction with father’s involvement. HomVEE categorizes measures of the mother’s satisfaction with the level of support provided by the child’s father in this domain, and generally categorizes more satisfaction as favorable. 

Parental knowledge of child’s weight. Measures of whether parents report knowing how much their child weighs are not eligible for review because such measures are not indicators of parental knowledge of the child and child development.

Summary of findings

The effects shown in the research are grouped into four categories: (1) favorable, (2) no effect, (3) unfavorable or ambiguous, and (4) not measured. Results for models that only have low-rated research are listed as “not applicable.” For more information on these categories please read the procedures and standards handbook. Only results from manuscripts that receive a moderate or high rating are considered below. This table includes manuscripts links to more information on the model’s effectiveness, implementation, and details on findings in this domain.

Effects shown in research — Positive parenting practices domain

Displaying 1 - 68 of 68
Model Meets HHS criteria Findings For more information

Arizona Health Start Program

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up (ABC) -Infant

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 11
No effect: 12
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up (ABC) -Toddler

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Child First

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Child Parent Enrichment Project (CPEP)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Childhood Asthma Prevention Study (CAPS)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Favorable: 3
No effect: 3
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Computer-Assisted Motivational Intervention (CAMI)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

CAMI+

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

IMH-HB EHS

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Early Head Start—Home-based option

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 9
No effect: 55
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Early Intervention Program for Adolescent Mothers

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 0
No effect: 9
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Early Start (New Zealand)

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 3
No effect: 1
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Early Steps to School Success™—Home Visiting

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Even Start-Home Visiting (Birth to Age 5)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Family Check-Up® For Children

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 18
No effect: 8
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 1
For more information

Family Connections (Birth to Age 5)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Family Connects

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 1
No effect: 4
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Family Spirit®

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 7
No effect: 11
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

First Born® Program

Findings
Not measured
For more information

Following Baby Back Home (FBBH)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Health Access Nurturing Development Services (HANDS) Program

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Not measured
For more information

HealthConnect One's® Community-Based Doula Program

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Healthy Beginnings

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 5
No effect: 0
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Healthy Families America (HFA)®

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 28
No effect: 102
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 1
For more information

Healthy Steps (National Evaluation 1996 Protocol)

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 2
No effect: 12
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Home Instruction for Parents of Preschool Youngsters (HIPPY)®

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 1
No effect: 0
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Home-Start

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

HOMEBUILDERS (Birth to Age 5)®

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories (INSIGHT)

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 15
No effect: 38
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 9
For more information

Maternal Early Childhood Sustained Home-Visiting Program (MECSH)

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 4
No effect: 7
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Maternal Infant Health Outreach Worker (MIHOW)®

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 31
No effect: 7
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Maternal Infant Health Program (MIHP)

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Minding the Baby® Home Visiting (MTB-HV)

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 0
No effect: 1
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

MOM Program

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Mothers’ Advocates in the Community (MOSAIC)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

New Forest Parenting Programme (NFPP)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

North Carolina Baby Love Maternal Outreach Workers Program

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 7
No effect: 30
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Nurses for Newborns®

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Nurturing Parenting Programs (Birth to Age 5)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Oklahoma’s Community-Based Family Resource and Support (CBFRS) Program

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 2
No effect: 5
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Parent-Child Assistance Program (PCAP)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

ParentChild+® Core Model

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Favorable: 1
No effect: 2
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Parents as Teachers (PAT)®

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 3
No effect: 85
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 4
For more information

Baby FACE, an adaptation of PAT®

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Favorable: 2
No effect: 4
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Parents as First Teachers (New Zealand)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Favorable: 0
No effect: 10
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Philani Outreach Programme

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Play and Learning Strategies (PALS) Infant

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 11
No effect: 12
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 1
For more information

PALS Infant + Toddler/Preschooler

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Favorable: 4
No effect: 10
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

PALS Toddler/Preschooler

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Favorable: 1
No effect: 13
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Preparing for Life—Home Visiting

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 1
No effect: 61
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 3
For more information

Pride in Parenting (PIP)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Promoting First Relationships®—Home Visiting Intervention Model

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 14
No effect: 18
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Promoting First Relationships®—Home Visiting Promotion Model

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Promoting Parental Skills and Enhancing Attachment in Early Childhood (CAPEDP) Trial

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Resource Mothers Program

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Resources, Education, and Care in the Home (REACH)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

REST Routine

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not measured
For more information

SafeCare®

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Australian Adaptation of UCLA Parent-Child Health and Wellness Project

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Favorable: 0
No effect: 24
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

SafeCare Augmented

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Not measured
For more information

Seattle-King County Healthy Homes Project

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Triple P - Positive Parenting Program®—Variants suitable for home visiting

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Not applicable
For more information

Triple P - Home Visiting: Standard Stepping Stones

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Favorable: 0
No effect: 6
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

British Autism Study of Infant Siblings (iBASIS-VIPP)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Favorable: 1
No effect: 2
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Video-Feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting-Sensitive Discipline® (VIPP-SD)

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 7
No effect: 5
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Video-Feedback Intervention to Promote Positive Parenting adapted to Autism (VIPP-AUTI)

Meets HHS criteria?
No
Findings
Favorable: 1
No effect: 2
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information

Video-Feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting (VIPP)

Meets HHS criteria?
Yes
Findings
Favorable: 1
No effect: 2
Unfavorable or ambiguous: 0
For more information