Authors used structural equation models to estimate the impact, and reported an estimate, coefficient, standard error, and p-value.
Family Check-Up® For Children
Model effectiveness research report last updated: 2021
Effects shown in research
Child development and school readiness
Findings rated high
150
Family Check-Up® For Children
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| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Remaining in “normal” (no externalizing or internalizing), age 2 to 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 3 | Early Steps Multisite Study Sample | Not available | Not available | Not available | OR = 3.75 | Not available | Not available |
| Remaining in “normal” (no externalizing or internalizing), age 3 to 4 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 4 | Early Steps Multisite Study Sample | Not available | Not available | Not available | OR = 1.94 | Not available | Not available |
| Transition from comorbid (externalizing and internalizing) at age 2 to “normal” at age 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 3 | Early Steps Multisite Study Sample | Not available | Not available | Not available | OR = 60.42 | Not available | Not available |
| Transition from comorbid (externalizing and internalizing) at age 3 to “normal” at age 4 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 4 | Early Steps Multisite Study Sample | Not available | Not available | Not available | OR = 167.80 | Not available | Not available |
| Transition from externalizing at age 2 to “normal” at age 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 3 | Early Steps Multisite Study Sample | Not available | Not available | Not available | OR = 0.89 | Not available | Not available |
| Transition from externalizing at age 3 to “normal” at age 4 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 4 | Early Steps Multisite Study Sample | Not available | Not available | Not available | OR = 0.89 | Not available | Not available |
| Transition from internalizing at age 2 to “normal” at age 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 3 | Early Steps Multisite Study Sample | Not available | Not available | Not available | OR = 1.01 | Not available | Not available |
| Transition from internalizing at age 3 to “normal” at age 4 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 4 | Early Steps Multisite Study Sample | Not available | Not available | Not available | OR = 9.35 | Not available | Not available |
150
Family Check-Up® For Children
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| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inhibitory control, Age 3, SEM | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 3 | WIC sites in Pittsburgh, PA, Eugene, OR, and Charlottesville, VA | 731 children | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| Language skills, Age 3, SEM | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 3 | WIC sites in Pittsburgh, PA, Eugene, OR, and Charlottesville, VA | 731 children | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | Authors used structural equation models to estimate the impact, and reported an estimate, coefficient, standard error, and p-value.
|
150
Family Check-Up® For Children
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| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Externalizing, Age 3, Correlation | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 3 | WIC sites in Pittsburgh, PA, Eugene, OR, and Charlottesville, VA | 651 children | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Externalizing, Age 4, Correlation | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 4 | WIC sites in Pittsburgh, PA, Eugene, OR, and Charlottesville, VA | 619 children | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Statistically significant, p<0.05 | |
| Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Internalizing, Age 3, Correlation | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 3 | WIC sites in Pittsburgh, PA, Eugene, OR, and Charlottesville, VA | 651 children | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Internalizing, Age 4, Correlation | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 4 | WIC sites in Pittsburgh, PA, Eugene, OR, and Charlottesville, VA | 619 children | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Statistically significant, p<0.05 | |
| Eyeberg Child Behavior Inventory Problem Score, Age 3, Correlation | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 3 | WIC sites in Pittsburgh, PA, Eugene, OR, and Charlottesville, VA | 642 children | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| Eyeberg Child Behavior Inventory Problem Score, Age 4, Correlation | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 4 | WIC sites in Pittsburgh, PA, Eugene, OR, and Charlottesville, VA | 616 children | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Statistically significant, p<0.05 | |
| Growth in Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Externalizing from ages 2 to 4, Latent growth model | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Ages 3 and 4 | WIC sites in Pittsburgh, PA, Eugene, OR, and Charlottesville, VA | 731 children | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = 0.23 | Statistically significant, p<0.051 | Authors used a latent growth model to estimate the impact, and reported a coefficient, standard error, and effect size.
|
| Growth in Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Internalizing from ages 2 to 4, Latent growth model | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Ages 3 and 4 | WIC sites in Pittsburgh, PA, Eugene, OR, and Charlottesville, VA | 731 children | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = 0.21 | Statistically significant, p<0.051 | Authors used a latent growth model to estimate the impact, and reported a coefficient, standard error, and effect size.
|
| Growth in Eyeberg Child Behavior Inventory Problem Score from ages 2 to 4, Latent growth model | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Ages 3 and 4 | WIC sites in Pittsburgh, PA, Eugene, OR, and Charlottesville, VA | 731 mothers | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = 0.23 | Statistically significant, p<0.051 | Authors used a latent growth model to estimate the impact, and reported a coefficient, standard error, and effect size.
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150
Family Check-Up® For Children
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| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CBCL Aggression Scale (Revised version for age 4 follow-up) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 3 and Age 4 | Pittsburgh sample | 92 children | Mean at age 3 = 9.85 (SD 4.04). Mean at age 4 = 6.96, (SD 4.76) = 9.85 | Mean = 8.93 | Difference = -1.16 | HomVEE calculated = 30.22 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | HomVEE calculated the difference in growth rates as the change over time (mean at age 4 minus mean at age 3) for the program group minus the change over time for the comparison group. Statistical significance is based on the results of the authors’ analysis using a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance. |
| CBCL Destructive Scale (Revised version for age 4 follow-up) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 3 and Age 4 | Pittsburgh sample | 92 children | Mean at age 3 = 2.66 (SD 1.82), Mean at age 4 = 1.87 (SD 1.87) = 2.66 | Mean = 3.21 | Difference = 0.15 | HomVEE calculated = 3.00 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | Statistical significance is based on the results of the authors’ analysis using a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance. |
| CBCL Physical Aggression | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 3 and Age 4 | Pittsburgh sample | 92 children | Mean at age 3=0.96, (SD=1.07). Mean at age 4=0.65, (SD= 0.95). = 0.96 | Mean = 0.67 | Difference = -0.42 | HomVEE calculated = 30.27 | Statistical significance not reported | HomVEE calculated the difference in growth rates as the change over time (mean at age 4 minus mean at age 3) for the program group minus the change over time for the comparison group. |
150
Family Check-Up® For Children
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Oppositional/Aggressive, Age 5, Correlation | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 5 | WIC sites in Pittsburgh, PA, Eugene, OR, and Charlottesville, VA | 614 families | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Oppositional/Aggressive, Age 5, T-test | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 5 | WIC sites in Pittsburgh, PA, Eugene, OR, and Charlottesville, VA | 614 families | Unadjusted mean = 0.43 | Unadjusted mean = 0.47 | Mean difference = -0.04 | HomVEE calculated = 0.11 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
Findings rated moderate
Family Check-Up® For Children
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Externalizing, Age 3, Mean and SD | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 3 | WIC sites in Pittsburgh, PA, Eugene, OR, and Charlottesville, VA | 651 children | Unadjusted mean = 55.83 | Unadjusted mean = 56.11 | Mean difference = -0.28 | HomVEE calculated = -0.03 | Not statistically significant, p=0.70 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Externalizing, Age 4, Mean and SD | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 4 | WIC sites in Pittsburgh, PA, Eugene, OR, and Charlottesville, VA | 619 children | Unadjusted mean = 52.68 | Unadjusted mean = 54.67 | Mean difference = -1.99 | HomVEE calculated = -0.19 | Statistically significant, p=0.02 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
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| Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Externalizing, Ages 3 and 4, Latent growth model | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Ages 3 and 4 | WIC sites in Pittsburgh, PA, Eugene, OR, and Charlottesville, VA | 723 children | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Statistically significant, p<0.052 | Authors used a latent growth model to estimate the impact.
|
| Eyeberg Child Behavior Inventory Problem Score, Age 3, Mean and SD | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 3 | WIC sites in Pittsburgh, PA, Eugene, OR, and Charlottesville, VA | 642 children | Unadjusted mean = 59.18 | Unadjusted mean = 60.06 | Mean difference = -0.88 | HomVEE calculated = -0.08 | Not statistically significant, p=0.28 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
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| Eyeberg Child Behavior Inventory Problem Score, Age 4, Mean and SD | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 4 | WIC sites in Pittsburgh, PA, Eugene, OR, and Charlottesville, VA | 616 children | Unadjusted mean = 58.64 | Unadjusted mean = 60.63 | Mean difference = -1.99 | HomVEE calculated = -0.18 | Statistically significant, p=0.03 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
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| Eyeberg Child Behavior Inventory Problem Score, Ages 3 and 4, Latent growth model | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Ages 3 and 4 | WIC sites in Pittsburgh, PA, Eugene, OR, and Charlottesville, VA | 723 children | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Statistically significant, p<0.052 | Authors used a latent growth model to estimate the impact.
|
Family Check-Up® For Children
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inhibitory control intercept, Ages 2-4, Preliminary conditional growth model | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Ages 2-4 | WIC sites in Pittsburgh, PA, Eugene, OR, and Charlottesville, VA | 720 children | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p>0.051 | Authors used a preliminary conditional growth model and reported a coefficient, standard error, and p-value.
|
| Inhibitory control slope, Ages 2-4, Preliminary conditional growth model | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Ages 2-4 | WIC sites in Pittsburgh, PA, Eugene, OR, and Charlottesville, VA | 720 children | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p>0.051 | Authors used a preliminary conditional growth model and reported a coefficient, standard error, and p-value.
|
| Inhibitory control, Age 3, Correlation | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 3 | WIC sites in Pittsburgh, PA, Eugene, OR, and Charlottesville, VA | 645 children | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| Inhibitory control, Age 4, Correlation | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 4 | WIC sites in Pittsburgh, PA, Eugene, OR, and Charlottesville, VA | 622 children | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
Family Check-Up® For Children
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Oppositional/Aggressive, Age 3, Correlation | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 3 | WIC sites in Pittsburgh, PA, Eugene, OR, and Charlottesville, VA | 657 children | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Oppositional/Aggressive, Age 4, Correlation | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 4 | WIC sites in Pittsburgh, PA, Eugene, OR, and Charlottesville, VA | 627 children | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Oppositional/Aggressive, Age 5, Correlation | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Age 5 | WIC sites in Pittsburgh, PA, Eugene, OR, and Charlottesville, VA | 612 children | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |