Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.
Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories (INSIGHT)
Model effectiveness research report last updated: 2022
Effects shown in research
Positive parenting practices
Findings rated high
808
Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories (INSIGHT)
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mother used a responsive parenting practice (for example, rub or pat) to address infant fussing |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
152 mother/child dyads | Adjusted proportion = 0.58 | Adjusted proportion = 0.42 | Mean difference = 0.16 | HomVEE calculated = 0.40 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
|
Mother used a responsive parenting practice (for example, rub or pat) to address infant fussing |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
8 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
142 mother/child dyads | Adjusted proportion = 0.57 | Adjusted proportion = 0.43 | Mean difference = 0.14 | HomVEE calculated = 0.35 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
|
Mother's first response to infant fussing is to feed |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
3 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
153 mother/child dyads | Not reported | Not reported | Odds ratio = 1.90 | HomVEE calculated = 0.39 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. |
Mother's first response to infant fussing is to feed |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
8 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
144 mother/child dyads | Not reported | Not reported | Odds ratio = 1.40 | HomVEE calculated = 0.20 | Not statistically significant, p=.053 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. |
808
Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories (INSIGHT)
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bedtime 8 PM or earlier |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
1 year old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
245 infants | Unadjusted proportion = 0.61 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.52 | Difference = 0.09 | HomVEE calculated = 0.22 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.11 |
|
Bedtime 8 PM or earlier |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
16 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
262 infants | Unadjusted proportion = 0.46 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.24 | Difference = 0.22 | HomVEE calculated = 0.60 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
|
Bedtime 8 PM or earlier |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
40 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
251 infants | Unadjusted proportion = 0.66 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.47 | Difference = 0.19 | HomVEE calculated = 0.47 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
|
Bedtime routine: bath |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
16 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
262 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.61 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.55 | Difference = 0.06 | HomVEE calculated = 0.15 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.34 |
|
Bedtime routine: bath |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
40 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
251 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.66 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.69 | Difference = -0.03 | HomVEE calculated = -0.08 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.65 |
|
Bedtime routine: bottle feed/breastfeed |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
16 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
262 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.94 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.90 | Difference = 0.04 | HomVEE calculated = 0.34 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.16 |
|
Bedtime routine: bottle feed/breastfeed |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
40 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
251 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.91 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.92 | Difference = -0.01 | HomVEE calculated = -0.08 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.85 |
|
Bedtime routine: cereal in bottle |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
16 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
262 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.13 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.18 | Difference = -0.05 | HomVEE calculated = -0.23 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.37 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
Bedtime routine: cereal in bottle |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
40 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
251 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.15 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.14 | Difference = 0.01 | HomVEE calculated = 0.05 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.86 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
Bedtime routine: duration less than or equal to 45 minutes |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
16 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
262 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.51 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.37 | Difference = 0.14 | HomVEE calculated = 0.35 | Statistically significant, p= 0.03 |
|
Bedtime routine: duration less than or equal to 45 minutes |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
40 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
251 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.57 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.44 | Difference = 0.13 | HomVEE calculated = 0.32 | Statistically significant, p= 0.04 |
|
Bedtime routine: fed as last activity before bed |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
16 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
262 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.20 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.40 | Difference = -0.20 | HomVEE calculated = -0.59 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
Bedtime routine: fed as last activity before bed |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
40 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
251 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.22 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.33 | Difference = -0.11 | HomVEE calculated = -0.34 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.05 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
Bedtime routine: music |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
16 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
262 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.24 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.26 | Difference = -0.02 | HomVEE calculated = -0.06 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.57 |
|
Bedtime routine: music |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
40 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
251 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.24 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.21 | Difference = 0.03 | HomVEE calculated = 0.10 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.59 |
|
Bedtime routine: read book |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
16 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
262 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.47 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.28 | Difference = 0.19 | HomVEE calculated = 0.50 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
|
Bedtime routine: read book |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
40 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
251 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.61 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.49 | Difference = 0.12 | HomVEE calculated = 0.30 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.05 |
|
Bedtime routine: rocking |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
16 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
262 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.67 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.59 | Difference = 0.08 | HomVEE calculated = 0.21 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.23 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
Bedtime routine: rocking |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
40 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
251 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.54 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.54 | Difference = 0.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.89 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
Bedtime routine: watch television |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
16 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
262 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.13 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.12 | Difference = 0.01 | HomVEE calculated = 0.06 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.93 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
Bedtime routine: watch television |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
40 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
251 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.07 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.12 | Difference = -0.05 | HomVEE calculated = -0.36 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.13 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
Bedtime Routines Questionnaire (BRQ): Overall score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
1 year old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
242 infants | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Statistically significant, p= 0.02 |
|
Bedtime Routines Questionnaire (BRQ): Routine Behaviors subscale |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
1 year old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
242 infants | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p= 0.05 |
|
Bedtime Routines Questionnaire (BRQ): Routine Environment subscale |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
1 year old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
242 infants | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Statistically significant, p= 0.03 |
|
Dream feeds: nighttime feeding initiated by parent |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
16 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
262 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.39 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.19 | Difference = 0.20 | HomVEE calculated = 0.61 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
|
Dream feeds: nighttime feeding initiated by parent |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
40 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
251 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.25 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.10 | Difference = 0.15 | HomVEE calculated = 0.67 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
For infants at this age, a negative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
Falls asleep alone in room, in crib (self-soothes) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
16 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
262 infants | Unadjusted proportion = 0.44 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.28 | Difference = 0.16 | HomVEE calculated = 0.43 | Statistically significant, p= 0.01 |
|
Falls asleep alone in room, in crib (self-soothes) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
40 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
251 infants | Unadjusted proportion = 0.59 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.46 | Difference = 0.13 | HomVEE calculated = 0.32 | Statistically significant, p= 0.04 |
|
Falls asleep being held |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
16 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
262 infants | Unadjusted proportion = 0.36 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.48 | Difference = -0.12 | HomVEE calculated = -0.30 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.06 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
Falls asleep being held |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
40 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
251 infants | Unadjusted proportion = 0.21 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.38 | Difference = -0.17 | HomVEE calculated = -0.51 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
Falls asleep in less than or equal to 15 minutes |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
16 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
262 infants | Unadjusted proportion = 0.66 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.55 | Difference = 0.11 | HomVEE calculated = 0.28 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.07 |
|
Falls asleep in less than or equal to 15 minutes |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
40 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
251 infants | Unadjusted proportion = 0.75 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.64 | Difference = 0.11 | HomVEE calculated = 0.32 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.06 |
|
Falls asleep swaddled |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
16 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
262 infants | Unadjusted proportion = 0.33 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.20 | Difference = 0.13 | HomVEE calculated = 0.41 | Statistically significant, p= 0.01 |
|
Falls asleep swaddled |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
40 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
251 infants | Unadjusted proportion = 0.02 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.01 | Difference = 0.01 | HomVEE calculated = 0.43 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.57 |
|
Falls asleep with pacifier |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
16 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
262 infants | Unadjusted proportion = 0.36 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.31 | Difference = 0.05 | HomVEE calculated = 0.14 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.46 |
|
Falls asleep with pacifier |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
40 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
251 infants | Unadjusted proportion = 0.35 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.32 | Difference = 0.03 | HomVEE calculated = 0.08 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.66 |
|
Falls asleep with white noise |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
16 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
262 infants | Unadjusted proportion = 0.30 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.25 | Difference = 0.05 | HomVEE calculated = 0.15 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.42 |
|
Falls asleep with white noise |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
40 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
251 infants | Unadjusted proportion = 0.34 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.21 | Difference = 0.13 | HomVEE calculated = 0.40 | Statistically significant, p= 0.02 |
|
Give few minutes to fall back to sleep |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
40 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
251 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.57 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.56 | Difference = 0.01 | HomVEE calculated = 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.93 |
|
Greater than or equal to 2 night feedings |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
16 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
262 infants | Unadjusted proportion = 0.34 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.30 | Difference = 0.04 | HomVEE calculated = 0.11 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.50 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
Greater than or equal to 2 night feedings |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
40 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
251 infants | Unadjusted proportion = 0.14 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.15 | Difference = -0.01 | HomVEE calculated = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.70 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
Greater than or equal to 2 wakings per night |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
16 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
262 infants | Unadjusted proportion = 0.37 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.33 | Difference = 0.04 | HomVEE calculated = 0.11 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.53 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
Greater than or equal to 2 wakings per night |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
40 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
251 infants | Unadjusted proportion = 0.28 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.32 | Difference = -0.04 | HomVEE calculated = -0.12 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.50 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
Night waking: rub/pat but do not pick up |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
16 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
262 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.24 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.19 | Difference = 0.05 | HomVEE calculated = 0.18 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.29 |
|
Night waking: change diaper |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
16 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
262 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.65 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.64 | Difference = 0.01 | HomVEE calculated = 0.03 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.86 |
|
Night waking: change diaper |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
40 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
251 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.35 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.37 | Difference = -0.02 | HomVEE calculated = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.82 |
|
Night waking: feed back to sleep |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
16 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
262 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.54 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.72 | Difference = -0.18 | HomVEE calculated = -0.48 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |
|
Night waking: feed back to sleep |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
40 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
251 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.24 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.41 | Difference = -0.17 | HomVEE calculated = -0.48 | Statistically significant, p= 0.01 |
For infants at this age, a negative effect is favorable to the intervention. |
Night waking: give few minutes to fall back to sleep |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
16 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
262 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.56 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.45 | Difference = 0.11 | HomVEE calculated = 0.27 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.09 |
|
Night waking: give pacifier |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
16 weeks old |
INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
262 mothers | Unadjusted proportion = 0.41 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.38 | Difference = 0.03 | HomVEE calculated = 0.08 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.50 |