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Model effectiveness research report last updated: 2023

Effects shown in research

Child health

Findings rated high

Doyle O., Fitzpatrick N., Lovett J., & Rawdon C. (2015). Early intervention and child physical health: Evidence from a Dublin-based randomized controlled trial. Economics and Human Biology, 19, 224-245.

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Table help

Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Chest infection, 12 months old, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.26	Adjusted proportion = 0.43	Mean difference = -0.17	Study reported = -0.18	Not statistically significant, p= 0.10	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Chest infection, 12 months old, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.24 Infants	Unadjusted proportion = 0.34 Infants	Mean difference = -0.10	Study reported = -0.09	Not statistically significant, p= 0.19	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D
Chest infection, 24 months old, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.27	Adjusted proportion = 0.38	Mean difference = -0.11	Study reported = -0.12	Not statistically significant, p= 0.13	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Chest infection, 24 months old, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.26 Infants	Unadjusted proportion = 0.39 Infants	Mean difference = -0.13	Study reported = -0.12	Not statistically significant, p= 0.10	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D
Child number of health problems taken to doctor/health center/casualty, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	164 children	Adjusted proportion = 1.37	Adjusted proportion = 1.39	Mean difference = -0.02	Study reported = -0.02	Not statistically significant, p= 0.71	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child number of health problems taken to doctor/health center/casualty, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 1.26	Adjusted proportion = 1.71	Mean difference = -0.45	Study reported = -0.31	Not statistically significant, p= 0.26	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child number of health problems taken to doctor/health center/casualty, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	173 children	Adjusted proportion = 1.38	Adjusted proportion = 1.24	Mean difference = 0.14	Study reported = 0.10	Not statistically significant, p= 0.41	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child number of health problems taken to doctor/health center/casualty, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	164 children	Unadjusted mean = 1.31	Unadjusted mean = 1.46	Mean difference = -0.15	Study reported = -0.11	Not statistically significant, p= 0.48	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D
Child number of health problems taken to doctor/health center/casualty, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 1.20	Unadjusted mean = 1.64	Mean difference = -0.44	Study reported = -0.34	Statistically significant, p= 0.03	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D
Child number of health problems taken to doctor/health center/casualty, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	173 children	Unadjusted mean = 1.37	Unadjusted mean = 1.28	Mean difference = 0.09	Study reported = 0.07	Not statistically significant, p= 0.65	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D
Child received medical attention for wheezing or asthma, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.11	Adjusted proportion = 0.10	Mean difference = 0.01	Study reported = 0.01	Not statistically significant, p= 0.81	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child received medical attention for wheezing or asthma, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.08	Adjusted proportion = 0.24	Mean difference = -0.16	Study reported = -0.16	Statistically significant, p= 0.02	Author-reported effect size was calculated using marginal effects. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child received medical attention for wheezing or asthma, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.11 Infants	Unadjusted proportion = 0.13 Infants	Mean difference = -0.02	Study reported = -0.02	Not statistically significant, p= 0.65	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D
Child received medical attention for wheezing or asthma, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.07 Infants	Unadjusted proportion = 0.21 Infants	Mean difference = -0.14	Study reported = -0.14	Statistically significant, p= 0.01	Author-reported effect size was calculated using marginal effects
Hospital stay, 12 months old, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.07	Adjusted proportion = 0.07	Mean difference = 0.00	Study reported = 0.00	Not statistically significant, p= 0.99	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Hospital stay, 12 months old, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.06 Infants	Unadjusted proportion = 0.06 Infants	Mean difference = 0.00	Study reported = 0.00	Not statistically significant, p= 0.98	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D
Hospital stay, 24 months old, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.04	Adjusted proportion = 0.06	Mean difference = -0.02	Study reported = -0.02	Not statistically significant, p= 0.60	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Hospital stay, 24 months old, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.02 Infants	Unadjusted proportion = 0.06 Infants	Mean difference = -0.04	Study reported = -0.04	Not statistically significant, p= 0.28	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D
Hospital stay, 6 months old, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	173 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.09	Adjusted proportion = 0.07	Mean difference = 0.02	Study reported = 0.02	Not statistically significant, p= 0.63	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Hospital stay, 6 months old, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	173 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.10 Infants	Unadjusted proportion = 0.09 Infants	Mean difference = 0.01	Study reported = 0.01	Not statistically significant, p= 0.87	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D
Immunization, 6 months old, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.98	Adjusted proportion = 0.97	Mean difference = 0.01	Study reported = 0.02	Not statistically significant, p= 0.58	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Immunization, 6 months old, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.99 Infants	Unadjusted proportion = 0.96 Infants	Mean difference = 0.03	Study reported = 0.02	Not statistically significant, p= 0.34	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D

O'Sullivan, A., Fitzpatrick, N., & Doyle, O. (2017). Effects of early intervention on dietary intake and its mediating role on cognitive functioning: A randomised controlled trial. Public Health Nutrition, 20(1), 154-164.

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Table help

Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Child eats fatty/sugary food less than once daily, adjusted for baseline controls	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.63 Infants	Adjusted proportion = 0.57 Infants	Mean difference = 0.06	HomVEE calculated = 0.15	Not statistically significant, p= 0.34
Child eats fatty/sugary food less than once daily, adjusted for baseline controls	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.42 Infants	Adjusted proportion = 0.53 Infants	Mean difference = -0.11	HomVEE calculated = -0.27	Not statistically significant, p= 0.22
Child eats fatty/sugary food less than once daily, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.62 Infants	Adjusted proportion = 0.57 Infants	Odds ratio = 1.21	Study reported = 0.12	Not statistically significant, p= 0.57	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child eats fatty/sugary food less than once daily, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.40 Infants	Adjusted proportion = 0.50 Infants	Odds ratio = 0.66	Study reported = -0.25	Not statistically significant, p= 0.20	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child eats fatty/sugary food less than once daily, Multiple Imputation results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	207 children	Not reported	Not reported	Odds ratio = 1.28	Study reported = 0.15	Not statistically significant, p= 0.48	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. Finding from model using multiple imputation (MI)
Child eats fatty/sugary food less than once daily, Multiple Imputation results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	18 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	207 children	Not reported	Not reported	Odds ratio = 0.98	Study reported = -0.01	Not statistically significant, p= 0.87	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. Finding from model using multiple imputation (MI)
Child eats fatty/sugary food less than once daily, Multiple Imputation results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	207 children	Not reported	Not reported	Odds ratio = 0.63	Study reported = -0.28	Not statistically significant, p= 0.16	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. Finding from model using multiple imputation (MI)
Child eats fatty/sugary food less than once daily, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.63 Infants	Unadjusted proportion = 0.57 Infants	Odds ratio = 1.30	HomVEE calculated = 0.16	Not statistically significant, p= 0.41	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio.
Child eats fatty/sugary food less than once daily, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.42 Infants	Unadjusted proportion = 0.52 Infants	Odds ratio = 0.66	HomVEE calculated = -0.25	Not statistically significant, p= 0.18	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio.
Child meets all daily diet recommendations, adjusted for baseline controls	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.05 Infants	Adjusted proportion = 0.04 Infants	Mean difference = 0.01	HomVEE calculated = 0.14	Not statistically significant, p= 0.79
Child meets all daily diet recommendations, adjusted for baseline controls	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.16 Infants	Adjusted proportion = 0.05 Infants	Mean difference = 0.11	HomVEE calculated = 0.78	Statistically significant, p= 0.04
Child meets all daily diet recommendations, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.05 Infants	Adjusted proportion = 0.03 Infants	Odds ratio = 1.46	Study reported = 0.23	Not statistically significant, p= 0.63	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child meets all daily diet recommendations, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.15 Infants	Adjusted proportion = 0.04 Infants	Odds ratio = 3.92	Study reported = 0.83	Statistically significant, p= 0.02	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child meets all daily diet recommendations, Multiple Imputation results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	207 children	Not reported	Not reported	Odds ratio = 1.23	Study reported = 0.13	Not statistically significant, p= 0.79	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. Finding from model using multiple imputation (MI)
Child meets all daily diet recommendations, Multiple Imputation results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	18 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	207 children	Not reported	Not reported	Odds ratio = 1.53	Study reported = 0.26	Not statistically significant, p= 0.41	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. Finding from model using multiple imputation (MI)
Child meets all daily diet recommendations, Multiple Imputation results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	207 children	Not reported	Not reported	Odds ratio = 3.00	Study reported = 0.67	Not statistically significant, p= 0.06	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. Finding from model using multiple imputation (MI)
Child meets all daily diet recommendations, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.05 Infants	Unadjusted proportion = 0.04 Infants	Odds ratio = 1.37	HomVEE calculated = 0.19	Not statistically significant, p= 0.69	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio.
Child meets all daily diet recommendations, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.16 Infants	Unadjusted proportion = 0.05 Infants	Odds ratio = 3.82	HomVEE calculated = 0.81	Statistically significant, p= 0.02	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio.
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for dairy, adjusted for baseline controls	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.63 Infants	Adjusted proportion = 0.49 Infants	Mean difference = 0.14	HomVEE calculated = 0.35	Not statistically significant, p= 0.05
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for dairy, adjusted for baseline controls	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.64 Infants	Adjusted proportion = 0.61 Infants	Mean difference = 0.03	HomVEE calculated = 0.08	Not statistically significant, p= 0.55
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for dairy, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.64 Infants	Adjusted proportion = 0.51 Infants	Odds ratio = 1.74	Study reported = 0.34	Not statistically significant, p= 0.10	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for dairy, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.61 Infants	Adjusted proportion = 0.57 Infants	Odds ratio = 1.17	Study reported = 0.10	Not statistically significant, p= 0.64	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for dairy, Multiple Imputation results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	207 children	Not reported	Not reported	Odds ratio = 1.98	Study reported = 0.41	Statistically significant, p= 0.046	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. Finding from model using multiple imputation (MI)
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for dairy, Multiple Imputation results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	18 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	207 children	Not reported	Not reported	Odds ratio = 1.67	Study reported = 0.31	Not statistically significant, p= 0.10	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. Finding from model using multiple imputation (MI)
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for dairy, Multiple Imputation results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	207 children	Not reported	Not reported	Odds ratio = 1.09	Study reported = 0.05	Not statistically significant, p= 0.84	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. Finding from model using multiple imputation (MI)
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for dairy, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.63 Infants	Unadjusted proportion = 0.48 Infants	Odds ratio = 1.86	HomVEE calculated = 0.38	Statistically significant, p= <0.05	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio.
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for dairy, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.64 Infants	Unadjusted proportion = 0.61 Infants	Odds ratio = 1.16	HomVEE calculated = 0.09	Not statistically significant, p= 0.64	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio.
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for fruits and vegetables, adjusted for baseline controls	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.20 Infants	Adjusted proportion = 0.26 Infants	Mean difference = -0.06	HomVEE calculated = -0.21	Not statistically significant, p= 0.21
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for fruits and vegetables, adjusted for baseline controls	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.44 Infants	Adjusted proportion = 0.28 Infants	Mean difference = 0.16	HomVEE calculated = 0.43	Statistically significant, p= 0.04
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for fruits and vegetables, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.18 Infants	Adjusted proportion = 0.25 Infants	Odds ratio = 0.67	Study reported = -0.24	Not statistically significant, p= 0.30	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for fruits and vegetables, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.43 Infants	Adjusted proportion = 0.29 Infants	Odds ratio = 1.82	Study reported = 0.36	Not statistically significant, p= 0.09	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for fruits and vegetables, Multiple Imputation results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	207 children	Not reported	Not reported	Odds ratio = 0.63	Study reported = -0.28	Not statistically significant, p= 0.22	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. Finding from model using multiple imputation (MI)
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for fruits and vegetables, Multiple Imputation results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	18 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	207 children	Not reported	Not reported	Odds ratio = 1.59	Study reported = 0.28	Not statistically significant, p= 0.19	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. Finding from model using multiple imputation (MI)
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for fruits and vegetables, Multiple Imputation results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	207 children	Not reported	Not reported	Odds ratio = 1.94	Study reported = 0.40	Not statistically significant, p= 0.05	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. Finding from model using multiple imputation (MI)
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for fruits and vegetables, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.20 Infants	Unadjusted proportion = 0.27 Infants	Odds ratio = 0.67	HomVEE calculated = -0.24	Not statistically significant, p= 0.29	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio.
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for fruits and vegetables, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.44 Infants	Unadjusted proportion = 0.27 Infants	Odds ratio = 2.27	HomVEE calculated = 0.50	Statistically significant, p= 0.02	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio.
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for grains, adjusted for baseline controls	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.52 Infants	Adjusted proportion = 0.41 Infants	Mean difference = 0.11	HomVEE calculated = 0.27	Not statistically significant, p= 0.14
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for grains, adjusted for baseline controls	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.63 Infants	Adjusted proportion = 0.53 Infants	Mean difference = 0.10	HomVEE calculated = 0.25	Not statistically significant, p= 0.28
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for grains, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.56 Infants	Adjusted proportion = 0.43 Infants	Odds ratio = 1.67	Study reported = 0.31	Not statistically significant, p= 0.13	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for grains, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.62 Infants	Adjusted proportion = 0.53 Infants	Odds ratio = 1.43	Study reported = 0.22	Not statistically significant, p= 0.28	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for grains, Multiple Imputation results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	207 children	Not reported	Not reported	Odds ratio = 1.78	Study reported = 0.35	Statistically significant, p= 0.049	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. Finding from model using multiple imputation (MI)
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for grains, Multiple Imputation results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	18 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	207 children	Not reported	Not reported	Odds ratio = 0.56	Study reported = -0.35	Not statistically significant, p= 0.10	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. Finding from model using multiple imputation (MI)
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for grains, Multiple Imputation results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	207 children	Not reported	Not reported	Odds ratio = 1.23	Study reported = 0.13	Not statistically significant, p= 0.37	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. Finding from model using multiple imputation (MI)
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for grains, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.52 Infants	Unadjusted proportion = 0.41 Infants	Odds ratio = 1.59	HomVEE calculated = 0.28	Not statistically significant, p= 0.14	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio.
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for grains, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.63 Infants	Unadjusted proportion = 0.54 Infants	Odds ratio = 1.47	HomVEE calculated = 0.23	Not statistically significant, p= 0.22	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio.
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for protein, adjusted for baseline controls	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.17 Infants	Adjusted proportion = 0.17 Infants	Mean difference = 0.00	HomVEE calculated = 0.00	Not statistically significant, p= 0.97
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for protein, adjusted for baseline controls	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.33 Infants	Adjusted proportion = 0.18 Infants	Mean difference = 0.15	HomVEE calculated = 0.49	Statistically significant, p= 0.02
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for protein, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.18 Infants	Adjusted proportion = 0.16 Infants	Odds ratio = 1.10	Study reported = 0.06	Not statistically significant, p= 0.82	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for protein, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.36 Infants	Adjusted proportion = 0.18 Infants	Odds ratio = 2.52	Study reported = 0.56	Statistically significant, p= 0.02	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child meets recommended number of daily servings for protein, Multiple Imputation results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	207 children	Not reported	Not reported	Odds ratio = 0.97	Study reported = -0.02	Not statistically significant, p= 0.87	Submitted by barbara on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:55 HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. Finding from model using multiple imputation (MI)

PFL Evaluation Team at the UCD Geary Institute. (2012). Preparing For Life early childhood intervention: Assessing the impact of Preparing For Life at six months [Study 1: Randomized controlled trial]. Dublin, Ireland: UCD Geary Institute.

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Age left hospital (in days)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	173 mother/child dyads	Adjusted mean = 3.23	Adjusted mean = 3.16	Mean difference = 0.07	Study reported = 0.01	Not statistically significant, p = 0.93	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
Appropriate frequency of eating (baby eats 6 or more times per day)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	173 mother/child dyads	Unadjusted proportion = 0.77	Unadjusted proportion = 0.63	Mean difference = 0.14	Study reported = 0.30	Statistically significant, p = 0.048	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
Attempted breastfeeding	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	173 mother/child dyads	Unadjusted proportion = 0.24	Unadjusted proportion = 0.22	Mean difference = 0.02	Study reported = 0.04	Not statistically significant, p = 0.76	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
Baby eats appropriate food	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	173 mother/child dyads	Unadjusted proportion = 0.87	Unadjusted proportion = 0.77	Mean difference = 0.10	Study reported = 0.26	Not statistically significant, p = 0.09	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
Baby ever vaccinated	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	173 mother/child dyads	Unadjusted proportion = 0.99	Unadjusted proportion = 1.00	Mean difference = -0.01	Study reported = -0.16	Not statistically significant, p = 0.51	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
Baby problem breathing	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	173 mother/child dyads	Unadjusted proportion = 0.22	Unadjusted proportion = 0.14	Mean difference = 0.08	Study reported = 0.19	Not statistically significant, p = 0.17	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
Baby sleeps more than 8 hours a night	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	171 mother/child dyads	Unadjusted proportion = 0.76	Unadjusted proportion = 0.78	Mean difference = -0.02	Study reported = -0.06	Not statistically significant, p = 0.76	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
Baby sleeps undisturbed by 3 months	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	173 mother/child dyads	Unadjusted proportion = 0.36	Unadjusted proportion = 0.46	Mean difference = -0.10	Study reported = -0.19	Not statistically significant, p = 0.18	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
Baby sleeps undisturbed through the night	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	173 mother/child dyads	Unadjusted proportion = 0.75	Unadjusted proportion = 0.77	Mean difference = -0.02	Study reported = -0.05	Not statistically significant, p = 0.76	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
Baby’s crying a problem	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	173 mother/child dyads	Unadjusted proportion = 0.12	Unadjusted proportion = 0.11	Mean difference = 0.01	Study reported = 0.03	Not statistically significant, p = 0.84	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
Stayed in hospital during first 6 months (baby)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	173 mother/child dyads	Unadjusted proportion = 0.10	Unadjusted proportion = 0.09	Mean difference = 0.01	Study reported = 0.03	Not statistically significant, p = 0.82	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d

PFL Evaluation Team at the UCD Geary Institute. (2012). Preparing For Life early childhood intervention: Assessing the impact of Preparing For Life at twelve months. Dublin, Ireland: UCD Geary Institute.

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Ever vaccinated	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.99	Unadjusted proportion = 0.96	Mean difference = 0.03	Study reported = 0.16	Not statistically significant, p = 0.26	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
How often the child eats dairy	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 6.57	Unadjusted mean = 6.20	Mean difference = 0.37	Study reported = 0.29	Not statistically significant, p = 0.06	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
How often the child eats fruits	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 6.20	Unadjusted mean = 6.20	Mean difference = 0.00	Study reported = 0.01	Not statistically significant, p = 1.00	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
How often the child eats grains	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 6.36	Unadjusted mean = 6.01	Mean difference = 0.35	Study reported = 0.29	Not statistically significant, p = 0.07	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
How often the child eats other food (for example, sweets, crisps, and chips)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	164 children	Unadjusted mean = 4.37	Unadjusted mean = 4.72	Mean difference = -0.35	Study reported = -0.19	Not statistically significant, p = 0.23	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
How often the child eats protein	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 5.63	Unadjusted mean = 5.47	Mean difference = 0.16	Study reported = 0.14	Not statistically significant, p = 0.40	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
How often the child eats vegetables	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 6.04	Unadjusted mean = 6.02	Mean difference = 0.02	Study reported = 0.01	Not statistically significant, p = 0.88	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
Necessary immunisations at 12 months	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.27	Unadjusted proportion = 0.14	Mean difference = 0.13	Study reported = 0.31	Statistically significant, p = 0.04	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
Sleeps undisturbed through the night	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.66	Unadjusted proportion = 0.71	Mean difference = -0.05	Study reported = -0.11	Not statistically significant, p = 0.49	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d

PFL Evaluation Team at the UCD Geary Institute. (2013). Preparing For Life: Early childhood intervention: Assessing the impact of Preparing For Life at twenty-four months. Dublin, Ireland: UCD Geary Institute.

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Child eats fatty food daily, Multiple Imputation results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 mothers and children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.58	Unadjusted proportion = 0.48	Mean difference = 0.10	Study reported = 0.21	Not statistically significant, p = 0.20	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from model using multiple imputation (MI)
Child exposed to cigarette smoke	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 mothers and children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.38	Unadjusted proportion = 0.46	Mean difference = -0.08	Study reported = -0.17	Not statistically significant, p = 0.30	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Child had chest infection in last 6 months, Multiple Imputation results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 mothers and children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.26	Unadjusted proportion = 0.38	Mean difference = -0.12	Study reported = -0.26	Not statistically significant, p = 0.10	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from model using multiple imputation (MI)
Child has poor eating habits, Multiple Imputation results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 mothers and children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.21	Unadjusted proportion = 0.32	Mean difference = -0.11	Study reported = -0.25	Not statistically significant, p = 0.11	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from model using multiple imputation (MI)
Child stayed in hospital for at least one day in last 6 months, Multiple Imputation results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 mothers and children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.02	Unadjusted proportion = 0.06	Mean difference = -0.04	Study reported = -0.17	Not statistically significant, p = 0.22	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from model using multiple imputation (MI)
How often child drinks formula, Multiple Imputation results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 1.89	Unadjusted mean = 2.25	Mean difference = -0.36	Study reported = -0.16	Not statistically significant, p = 0.30	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from model using multiple imputation (MI)
How often child eats dairy, Multiple Imputation results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 6.64	Unadjusted mean = 6.55	Mean difference = 0.09	Study reported = 0.10	Not statistically significant, p = 0.63	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from model using multiple imputation (MI)
How often child eats fruits, Multiple Imputation results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 6.72	Unadjusted mean = 6.40	Mean difference = 0.32	Study reported = 0.25	Not statistically significant, p = 0.11	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from model using multiple imputation (MI)
How often child eats grains, Multiple Imputation results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 6.44	Unadjusted mean = 6.39	Mean difference = 0.05	Study reported = 0.05	Not statistically significant, p = 0.77	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from model using multiple imputation (MI)
How often child eats other food (sugars and fats), Multiple Imputation results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 5.43	Unadjusted mean = 5.25	Mean difference = 0.18	Study reported = 0.14	Not statistically significant, p = 0.38	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from model using multiple imputation (MI)
How often child eats protein, Multiple Imputation results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 5.95	Unadjusted mean = 5.58	Mean difference = 0.37	Study reported = 0.34	Statistically significant, p = 0.03	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from model using multiple imputation (MI)
How often child eats vegetables, Multiple Imputation results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 6.09	Unadjusted mean = 5.82	Mean difference = 0.27	Study reported = 0.23	Not statistically significant, p = 0.13	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from model using multiple imputation (MI)

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