footnote150
High score equals unfavorable.
Early Start (New Zealand)
Model effectiveness research report last updated: 2011
Effects shown in research & outcome measure details
Child development and school readiness
Findings rated moderate
Early Start (New Zealand)
Show findings details
| Outcome measure | Effect | Follow-up timing | Sample | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of attendance (months) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
36 months | Christchurch sample | 388 children | Unadjusted mean = 16.40 | Unadjusted mean = 13.60 | Mean difference = 2.80 | Study reported = 0.22 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 | |
| Percent ever attended early childhood education | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
36 months | Christchurch sample | 388 children | % = 90.80 | % = 84.50 | = 6.30 | Study reported = 0.19 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| Performance IQ | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
36 months | Christchurch sample | 367 children | Unadjusted mean = 98.10 | Unadjusted mean = 96.80 | Mean difference = 1.30 | Study reported = 0.08 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| Total IQ | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
36 months | Christchurch sample | 367 children | Unadjusted mean = 97.70 | Unadjusted mean = 96.50 | Mean difference = 1.20 | Study reported = 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| Total behavior score | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
36 months | Christchurch sample | 391 children | Unadjusted mean = 9.87 | Unadjusted mean = 10.11 | Mean difference = -0.24 | Study reported = 0.24 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 | |
| Total externalizing score | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
36 months | Christchurch sample | 391 children | Unadjusted mean = 9.90 | Unadjusted mean = 10.09 | Mean difference = -0.19 | Study reported = 0.19 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | footnote150High score equals unfavorable. |
| Total internalizing score | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
36 months | Christchurch sample | 391 children | Unadjusted mean = 9.86 | Unadjusted mean = 10.12 | Mean difference = -0.26 | Study reported = 0.26 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 | footnote150High score equals unfavorable. |
| Verbal IQ | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
36 months | Christchurch sample | 367 children | Unadjusted mean = 97.70 | Unadjusted mean = 97.00 | Mean difference = 0.70 | Study reported = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
Show outcome measure summary
| Outcome measure | Outcome measure description | Collection method | Properties | Operations links |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Duration of attendance (months) |
Duration of attendance in early childhood education (in months) |
Parent/caregiver report |
Not applicable |
|
Percent ever attended early childhood education |
Percentage of children who ever attended early childhood education | Parent/caregiver report | Not applicable |
|
Performance IQ |
The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) was used to assess intelligence at age three. The authors obtained a verbal IQ score, a performance IQ score , and full score IQ | Child assessment | Cronbach's α = 0.86 for the performance subscale, 0.93 for the verbal subscale, and .0.94 for the total scale. |
|
Total IQ |
The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) was used to assess intelligence at age three. The authors obtained a verbal IQ score, a performance IQ score , and full score IQ . | Child assessment | Cronbach's α = 0.86 for the performance subscale, 0.93 for the verbal subscale, and .0.94 for the total scale. |
|
Total internalizing/Total externalizing score |
Child social-emotional /behavioral problems were assessed using 50 items from the Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (ITSEA). The following dimensions of behavior combine to form the Externalizing score: activity, aggression/defiance, peer aggression, and emotional negativity. The dimensions of inhibition/separation problems and depression/withdrawal comprise the Internalizing score. Items are rated on a 3-point scale from not true (1), rarely to very true (2), and often (3). |
Parent/caregiver report |
Cronbach’s α ranged from 0.47 to 0.85, with a median of 0.75. |
|
Verbal IQ |
The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) was used to assess intelligence at age three. The authors obtained a verbal IQ score, a performance IQ score , and full score IQ. | Child assessment | Cronbach's α = 0.86 for the performance subscale, 0.93 for the verbal subscale, and .0.94 for the total scale. |