Olds, D. L., Holmberg, J. R., Donelan-McCall, N., Luckey, D. W., Knudtson, M. D., & Robinson, J. (2014). Effects of home visits by paraprofessionals and by nurses on children follow-up of a randomized trial at ages 6 and 9 years. JAMA Pediatrics, 168(2), 114-121.
Model(s) Reviewed:
Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP)®
,
NFP with Paraprofessional Home Visitors
| Screening decision | Screening conclusion | HomVEE procedures and standards version |
|---|---|---|
| Passes screens | Eligible for review | Version 1 |
| Rating | Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Compromised randomization | Confounding factors | Valid, reliable measure(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Randomized controlled trial | Low | Established on race; established on SES; outcome measures not assessable at baseline | None | None | Not assessed in manuscripts reviewed before 2021 |
Notes:
In the full sample, the comparison of nurse home visiting to no home visiting at the 9-year follow-up rates moderate for three outcomes with high attrition: total behavioral problems, internalizing behavior, and externalizing behavior. Outcomes for the low psychological resources subgroup rate moderate because attrition information was not reported and was not available from the author.
| Study participants | Pregnant women were referred to the study by staff at clinics serving low-income women in Denver, Colorado. Women were eligible to be included in the study if they were eligible for Medicaid or were uninsured, and had no previous live births. Women were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions: a control condition, paraprofessional home visiting, and nurse home visiting. Randomization occurred within strata defined by maternal race/ethnicity, maternal age, and maternal residence (geography).A total of 735 women were randomized: 255 into the control group, 245 into the paraprofessional home visiting group, and 235 into the nurse home visiting group. A total of 47.3 to 56 percent of children in the final analytic sample were boys (depending on treatment condition and follow-up period). A total of 12.9 to 17.6 percent of women in the final analytic sample were African American, 42.4 to 48.6 percent were Latino, and 33.7 to 40.1 percent were white. On average, at enrollment women had completed 11 years of school and were 19 or 20 years old. Average annual household incomes ranged from $12,308 to $13,561 and census tract poverty ranged from 20 to 21 percent. The percentage of women with low psychological resources ranged from 32.8 to 47.8. |
|---|---|
| Setting | Denver, Colorado |
| Intervention services | This study had two treatment groups, each of which was compared to the control condition. The first group received home visits from paraprofessionals, the second group received home visits from nurses. Both groups also received free developmental screenings and referrals. Home visits began during pregnancy and lasted until the child's second birthday. Both the nurse and paraprofessional home visits had the same goals: to improve pregnancy outcomes through improved maternal health behaviors, improve child health and development through improved parental care, and assist mothers with planning future pregnancies and pursuing education and employment. |
| Comparison conditions | The comparison group did not receive any home visits, but received free developmental screenings and referrals when the child was 6, 12, 15, 21, and 24 months old. |
| Subgroups examined |
This field lists subgroups examined in the manuscript (even if they were not replicated in other samples and not reported on the summary page for this model’s report). • Mother has psychological vulnerability (yes or no) |
| Funding sources | The Colorado Trust: grants 99030, 2001-049, and 99012; the Administration for Children and Families: grants 90PD0232 and 90XP0017; the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention: grant 2004-52854-CO-JS; the US Department ofJustice: grant 2005-MU-MU-001; the National Institute of Mental Health: grants 1R01MH069891, 1R01MH62485, and Senior Research Scientist Award 1-K05-MH01382. |
| Author affiliation | David L. Olds, a study author, is a founder of this model. |
| Peer reviewed | Peer reviewed status is not listed for manuscripts reviewed before 2021. |
Study Registration:
Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00438282, NCT00438594. Study registration was assessed by HomVEE beginning with the 2014 review.
Findings that rate moderate or high
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Externalizing - 6 year, treatment 1 vs. 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (6 year follow up, Denver) | 6 years | 396 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.08 | Unadjusted mean = 0.10 | Mean difference = -0.03 | Study reported = 0.76 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.42 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| High | Internalizing - 6 year, treatment 1 vs. 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (6 year follow up, Denver) | 6 years | 396 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.01 | Unadjusted mean = 0.03 | Mean difference = -0.02 | Study reported = 0.42 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.28 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| High | Total behavioral problems - 6 year, treatment 1 vs. 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (6 year follow up, Denver) | 6 years | 396 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.04 | Unadjusted mean = 0.08 | Mean difference = -0.04 | Study reported = 0.45 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.08 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| High | Attention dysfunction - 9 year, treatment 1 vs. 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver) | 9 years | 378 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.02 | Unadjusted mean = 0.05 | Mean difference = -0.04 | Study reported = 0.34 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.07 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| High | Externalizing - 6 year, treatment 1 vs. 2 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (6 year follow up, Denver) | 6 years | 411 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.09 | Unadjusted mean = 0.10 | Mean difference = -0.01 | Study reported = 0.87 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.66 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| High | Internalizing - 6 year, treatment 1 vs. 2 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (6 year follow up, Denver) | 6 years | 411 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.04 | Unadjusted mean = 0.03 | Mean difference = 0.01 | Study reported = 1.35 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.60 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| High | Total behavioral problems - 6 year, treatment 1 vs. 2 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (6 year follow up, Denver) | 6 years | 411 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.08 | Unadjusted mean = 0.08 | Mean difference = 0.00 | Study reported = 1.04 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.91 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| High | Attention dysfunction - 9 year, treatment 1 vs. 2 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver) | 9 years | 394 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.03 | Unadjusted mean = 0.05 | Mean difference = -0.03 | Study reported = 0.53 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.22 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| High | Externalizing - 9 year, treatment 1 vs. 2 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver) | 9 years | 394 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.14 | Unadjusted mean = 0.10 | Mean difference = 0.04 | Study reported = 1.34 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.33 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| High | Internalizing - 9 year, treatment 1 vs. 2 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver) | 9 years | 394 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.08 | Unadjusted mean = 0.08 | Mean difference = 0.00 | Study reported = 0.96 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.90 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| High | Total behavioral problems - 9 year, treatment 1 vs. 2 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver) | 9 years | 394 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.09 | Unadjusted mean = 0.10 | Mean difference = 0.00 | Study reported = 0.97 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.94 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| Moderate | Any therapeutic services - 6 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (6 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 6 years | 141 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.17 | Unadjusted mean = 0.36 | Mean difference = -0.19 | HomVEE calculated = -0.63 | Statistically significant, p = 0.01 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| Moderate | Arithmetic achievement standard score - 6 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (6 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 6 years | 141 children | Adjusted mean = 94.27 | Adjusted mean = 92.66 | Mean difference = 1.61 | Study reported = 0.13 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.44 | |
| Moderate | Behvioral regulation in testing - 6 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (6 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 6 years | 140 children | Adjusted mean = 99.13 | Adjusted mean = 97.16 | Mean difference = 1.97 | Study reported = 0.23 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.18 | |
| Moderate | Dysregulated aggression - 6 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (6 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 6 years | 141 children | Adjusted mean = 100.40 | Adjusted mean = 103.26 | Mean difference = -2.86 | Study reported = -0.26 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.12 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| Moderate | Intellectual functioning - 6 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (6 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 6 years | 141 children | Adjusted mean = 96.58 | Adjusted mean = 94.85 | Mean difference = 1.73 | Study reported = 0.16 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.35 | |
| Moderate | Percent incoherent stories - 6 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (6 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 6 years | 141 children | Adjusted mean = 58.53 | Adjusted mean = 65.63 | Mean difference = -7.10 | Study reported = -0.23 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.17 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| Moderate | Reading achievement standard score - 6 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (6 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 6 years | 141 children | Adjusted mean = 95.00 | Adjusted mean = 93.40 | Mean difference = 1.60 | Study reported = 0.13 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.46 | |
| Moderate | Receptive language - 6 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (6 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 6 years | 141 children | Adjusted mean = 93.31 | Adjusted mean = 90.56 | Mean difference = 2.75 | Study reported = 0.21 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.16 | |
| Moderate | Receptive language - averaged over 2, 4, and 6 years, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (6 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 6 years | 141 children | Adjusted mean = 92.96 | Adjusted mean = 89.01 | Mean difference = 3.95 | Study reported = 0.30 | Statistically significant, p = 0.01 | |
| Moderate | Sustained attention - 6 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (6 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 6 years | 138 children | Adjusted mean = 9.28 | Adjusted mean = 8.32 | Mean difference = 0.96 | Study reported = 0.33 | Statistically significant, p = 0.05 | |
| Moderate | Externalizing - 9 year, treatment 1 vs. 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver) | 9 years | 378 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.07 | Unadjusted mean = 0.10 | Mean difference = -0.04 | Study reported = 0.64 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.25 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| Moderate | Internalizing - 9 year, treatment 1 vs. 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver) | 9 years | 378 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.04 | Unadjusted mean = 0.08 | Mean difference = -0.05 | Study reported = 0.44 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.08 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| Moderate | Total behavioral problems - 9 year, treatment 1 vs. 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver) | 9 years | 378 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.07 | Unadjusted mean = 0.10 | Mean difference = -0.02 | Study reported = 0.76 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.46 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| Moderate | Any therapeutic services - 9 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 9 years | 127 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.35 | Unadjusted mean = 0.30 | Mean difference = 0.05 | HomVEE calculated = 0.15 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.51 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| Moderate | Arithmetic achievement standard score - 9 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 9 years | 128 children | Adjusted mean = 96.72 | Adjusted mean = 96.53 | Mean difference = 0.19 | Study reported = 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.93 | |
| Moderate | Arithmetic achievement standard score - averaged over 6 and 9 years, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 9 years | 128 children | Adjusted mean = 95.49 | Adjusted mean = 94.60 | Mean difference = 0.89 | Study reported = 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.63 | |
| Moderate | Grade retention - 9 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 9 years | 127 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.13 | Unadjusted mean = 0.09 | Mean difference = 0.05 | HomVEE calculated = 0.29 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.38 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| Moderate | Reading achievement standard score - 9 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 9 years | 128 children | Adjusted mean = 97.20 | Adjusted mean = 94.60 | Mean difference = 2.60 | Study reported = 0.21 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.22 | |
| Moderate | Reading achievement standard score - averaged over 6 and 9 years, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 9 years | 128 children | Adjusted mean = 96.10 | Adjusted mean = 94.00 | Mean difference = 2.10 | Study reported = 0.17 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.27 | |
| Moderate | Special education/remedial services - 9 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 9 years | 127 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.19 | Unadjusted mean = 0.34 | Mean difference = -0.14 | HomVEE calculated = -0.46 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.06 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| Moderate | Sustained attention - 9 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 9 years | 126 children | Adjusted mean = 10.12 | Adjusted mean = 9.17 | Mean difference = 0.95 | Study reported = 0.33 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.08 | |
| Moderate | Sustained attention - averaged over 4, 6, and 9 years, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 9 years | 126 children | Adjusted mean = 9.83 | Adjusted mean = 8.80 | Mean difference = 1.03 | Study reported = 0.36 | Statistically significant, p = 0.01 | |
| Moderate | Visual attention/task switching errors - 9 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 9 years | 126 children | Adjusted mean = 0.89 | Adjusted mean = 1.16 | Mean difference = -0.27 | Study reported = -0.25 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.16 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| Moderate | Working memory errors - 9 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 3 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Nurse home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 9 years | 123 children | Adjusted mean = 6.13 | Adjusted mean = 5.47 | Mean difference = 0.66 | Study reported = 0.26 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.15 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| Moderate | Any therapeutic services - 6 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 2 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (6 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 6 years | 165 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.22 | Unadjusted mean = 0.36 | Mean difference = -0.13 | HomVEE calculated = -0.40 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.07 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| Moderate | Arithmetic achievement standard score - 6 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 2 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (6 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 6 years | 164 children | Adjusted mean = 93.04 | Adjusted mean = 92.66 | Mean difference = 0.38 | Study reported = 0.03 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.85 | |
| Moderate | Behvioral regulation in testing - 6 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 2 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (6 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 6 years | 164 children | Adjusted mean = 99.89 | Adjusted mean = 97.16 | Mean difference = 2.73 | Study reported = 0.32 | Statistically significant, p = 0.05 | |
| Moderate | Dysregulated aggression - 6 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 2 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (6 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 6 years | 162 children | Adjusted mean = 99.34 | Adjusted mean = 103.26 | Mean difference = -3.92 | Study reported = -0.36 | Statistically significant, p = 0.02 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| Moderate | Intellectual functioning - 6 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 2 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (6 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 6 years | 166 children | Adjusted mean = 96.81 | Adjusted mean = 94.85 | Mean difference = 1.96 | Study reported = 0.18 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.26 | |
| Moderate | Percent incoherent stories - 6 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 2 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (6 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 6 years | 162 children | Adjusted mean = 49.94 | Adjusted mean = 65.63 | Mean difference = -15.69 | Study reported = -0.50 | Statistically significant, p = 0.00 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| Moderate | Reading achievement standard score - 6 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 2 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (6 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 6 years | 164 children | Adjusted mean = 96.16 | Adjusted mean = 93.40 | Mean difference = 2.76 | Study reported = 0.22 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.17 | |
| Moderate | Receptive language - 6 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 2 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (6 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 6 years | 163 children | Adjusted mean = 92.59 | Adjusted mean = 90.56 | Mean difference = 2.03 | Study reported = 0.16 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.28 | |
| Moderate | Receptive language - averaged over 2, 4, and 6 years, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 2 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (6 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 6 years | 163 children | Adjusted mean = 90.90 | Adjusted mean = 89.01 | Mean difference = 1.89 | Study reported = 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.22 | |
| Moderate | Sustained attention - 6 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 2 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (6 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 6 years | 160 children | Adjusted mean = 8.71 | Adjusted mean = 8.32 | Mean difference = 0.39 | Study reported = 0.13 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.39 | |
| Moderate | Any therapeutic services - 9 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 2 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 9 years | 155 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.39 | Unadjusted mean = 0.30 | Mean difference = 0.09 | HomVEE calculated = 0.25 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.23 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| Moderate | Arithmetic achievement standard score - 9 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 2 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 9 years | 156 children | Adjusted mean = 97.11 | Adjusted mean = 96.53 | Mean difference = 0.58 | Study reported = 0.05 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.77 | |
| Moderate | Arithmetic achievement standard score - averaged over 6 and 9 years, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 2 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 9 years | 156 children | Adjusted mean = 95.07 | Adjusted mean = 94.60 | Mean difference = 0.47 | Study reported = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.79 | |
| Moderate | Grade retention - 9 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 2 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 9 years | 155 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.11 | Unadjusted mean = 0.09 | Mean difference = 0.02 | HomVEE calculated = 0.15 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.62 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| Moderate | Reading achievement standard score - 9 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 2 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 9 years | 156 children | Adjusted mean = 97.24 | Adjusted mean = 94.60 | Mean difference = 2.64 | Study reported = 0.21 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.18 | |
| Moderate | Reading achievement standard score - averaged over 6 and 9 years, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 2 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 9 years | 156 children | Adjusted mean = 96.70 | Adjusted mean = 94.00 | Mean difference = 2.70 | Study reported = 0.22 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.13 | |
| Moderate | Special education/remedial services - 9 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 2 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 9 years | 155 children | Unadjusted mean = 0.32 | Unadjusted mean = 0.34 | Mean difference = -0.01 | HomVEE calculated = -0.03 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.89 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| Moderate | Sustained attention - 9 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 2 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 9 years | 153 children | Adjusted mean = 9.25 | Adjusted mean = 9.17 | Mean difference = 0.08 | Study reported = 0.03 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.86 | |
| Moderate | Sustained attention - averaged over 4, 6, and 9 years, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 2 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 9 years | 153 children | Adjusted mean = 9.21 | Adjusted mean = 8.80 | Mean difference = 0.41 | Study reported = 0.14 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.24 | |
| Moderate | Visual attention/task switching errors - 9 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 2 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 9 years | 154 children | Adjusted mean = 0.84 | Adjusted mean = 1.16 | Mean difference = -0.32 | Study reported = -0.30 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.08 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|
| Moderate | Working memory errors - 9 year, low psych resources, treatment 1 vs. 2 | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Paraprofessional home visiting pregnancy to 2 years vs. comparison (9 year follow up, Denver); Subgroup: Mother has psychological vulnerability | 9 years | 150 children | Adjusted mean = 5.79 | Adjusted mean = 5.47 | Mean difference = 0.32 | Study reported = 0.13 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.46 | Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
|