American Indian or Alaska Native
13%
Culp, A. M., Culp, R. E., Hechtner-Galvin, T., Howell, C. S., Saathoff-Wells, T., & Marr, P. (2004). First-time mothers in home visitation services utilizing child development specialists. Infant Mental Health Journal, 25(1), 1-15. doi:10.1002/imhj.10086.
Model(s) Reviewed
Navigate to model page for more information about the home visiting model.
Funding Sources
Funding for the study was provided by the Office of Child Abuse Prevention, Oklahoma State Department of Health, Oklahoma City, OK.
Study Design
| Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Confounding factors | Valid, reliable measures? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-experimental comparison group design | Not applicable | Established on socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity |
None |
Not assessed in manuscripts reviewed under Handbook of Procedures and Standards, Version 1 |
Equivalence on socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity was established for the sample included in the 12-month follow up. Equivalence was not established for the 6-month follow up, so that sample receives a low rating. No outcomes were measured at baseline. Only those for which it was not possible to measure at baseline, such as subsequent pregnancy, receive a moderate rating; all others receive a low rating.
Study Participants
Researchers recruited 355 primiparous women from county health departments at or before the 28th week of gestation. Those living in 5 of 12 participating counties received the CBFRS intervention, whereas those living in 7 comparison counties were assigned to the comparison group. Authors collected data from the mothers at baseline and when infants were 6 and 12 months old. At 6 months, 248 mothers participated in data collection, and 263 participated at 12 months. Among those remaining in the study at the 12-month assessment, less than a third in each study group was a minority, and approximately 6 in 10 were enrolled in Medicaid at baseline. Average education in the two study groups was less than 12 years, and mothers were slightly younger than 20 years old, on average, at the time of their child’s birth. This study used the same sample as Culp et al. (2007).
Setting
The study was conducted in 12 rural counties in Oklahoma.
Home Visiting Services
Mothers in the CBFRS condition were visited weekly during the first month after enrollment, and then biweekly for the remainder of their pregnancy. After the babies were born, the mothers were visited weekly for the first three months; biweekly from 3 to 21 months; and monthly from 21 to 26 months. The curriculum had three foci: teaching about child development and parenting, teaching about child and maternal health, and modeling parenting skills. Although the curriculum was based on a set manual, the one-hour home visits were flexible in that the mothers selected topics of their interest within each of the three foci. Home visitors provided feedback to the health department about services delivered and unmet needs.
Model(s) Reviewed
Navigate to model page for more information about the home visiting model.
Comparison Conditions
Comparison group members received the same number of home visits from facilitators, which included discussions about new infant skills during the previous week and infant development and assessment. Facilitators provided mothers with answers to and handouts about their questions on infant skill development.
Findings that rate moderate or high in this manuscript
Positive parenting practices
| Outcome measure | Timing of follow-up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect size (absolute value) | Stastical significance | Sample size | Sample description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Home safety |
12 months |
Moderate | 0.46 | Statistically significant, p < 0.01 |
263 caregivers | Oklahoma |
||
Acceptance |
12 months |
Moderate | 0.44 | Statistically significant, p < 0.01 |
263 caregivers | Oklahoma |
||
Involvement |
12 months |
Moderate | 0.01 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
263 caregivers | Oklahoma |
||
Learning materials |
12 months |
Moderate | 0.22 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
263 caregivers | Oklahoma |
||
Organization |
12 months |
Moderate | 0.18 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
263 caregivers | Oklahoma |
||
Responsivity |
12 months |
Moderate | 0.17 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
263 caregivers | Oklahoma |
||
Variety |
12 months |
Moderate | 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
263 caregivers | Oklahoma |
This study included participants with the following characteristics at enrollment:
Race/Ethnicity
Maternal Education
Other Characteristics
This study included participants from the following locations:
- Oklahoma