Asian
27%
King, T., Rosenberg, L., Fuddy, L., McFarlane, E., Sia, C., & Duggan, A. (2005). Prevalence and early identification of language delays among at-risk three year olds. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 26(4), 293–303.
Model(s): Healthy Families America (HFA)®
Study design characteristics contributing to rating
| Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Confounding factors? | Valid, reliable measures? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Randomized controlled trial | High |
Established on race and SES. Baseline equivalence on outcomes not feasible. |
None |
Not assessed in manuscripts reviewed under Handbook of Procedures and Standards, Version 1 |
Child Development and School Readiness
| Outcome Measure | Timing of Follow-Up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect Size (Absolute Value) | Stastical Significance | Sample Size | Sample Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PLS-3 Score | Age 3 | Moderate | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 513 children | Children with developmental testing results, Hawaii trial | ||
| Prevalence of any delays (PLS-3 score ≤ 85) | Age 3 | Moderate | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 513 children | Children with developmental testing results, Hawaii trial | ||
| Prevalence of severe delays (PLS-3 score ≤ 70) | Age 3 | Moderate | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 513 children | Children with developmental testing results, Hawaii trial |
This study included participants from the following locations:
- Hawaii
Study Participants
Families were recruited to the study between November 1994 and December 1995. Hawaii Healthy Start Program staff screened the medical records of mothers from one of four Oahu communities delivering children at Kapiolani Maternity Hospital for risk factors for child abuse and neglect. Mothers found to be at risk, or those whose records did not contain sufficient information to screen out, were screened further using Kempe’s Family Stress Checklist; eligible families were those in which either parent scored 25 or greater. Of the 897 families who were eligible to participate in the study, 730 (81%) agreed to participate and were randomly assigned to the program group (n = 395), the main comparison group (n = 290), or a testing comparison group (n = 45).
This study focuses on 304 program group children and 209 comparison group children who had available medical records and developmental testing results at age 3 and whose mothers completed at least one interview. On average, at baseline, mothers were 23.7 years of age (program group) and 22.9 years of age (comparison group). 62% (program group) and 64% (comparison group) of participating families lived below the poverty line. The racial composition of the program sample was 34% native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, 27% Asian or Filipino, 11% Caucasian, and 29% of unknown primary ethnicity. The comparison group consisted of 33% native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, 28% Asian or Filipino, 12% Caucasian, and 28% of unknown primary ethnicity.
Setting
Six Healthy Start Program sites operated by three community-based organizations in Oahu, Hawaii.
Intervention condition
Note: Navigate to the model page for more information about the home visiting model. See the source manuscript for more information about how the model was implemented in this study.
Comparison Conditions
The main comparison group was tested annually to measure outcomes. A second “testing” comparison group was evaluated only at year 3 to ascertain the effect of repeated testing on observed outcomes (Duggan, McFarlane, Fuddy, Burrell, Higman, Windham et al., 2004).
Subgroups examined
• Child language delay (any language delay or severe language delay)
Funding Sources
Maternal and Child Health Bureau (R40 MC 00029, formerly MCJ 240637, and R40 MC 00123, formerly MCJ 240838); The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (18303); The Annie E. Casey Foundation (94-4041); The David and Lucile Packard Foundation (93-6051, 94-7957, 97-8058, and 98-3448); and the Hawaii State Department of Health (99-29-J). Dr. King’s effort was also supported by a National Research Service Award from the Health Resources and Services Administration, Bureau of Health Professions (5 T32 HP 10004).