Black or African American
11%
Source
Koniak-Griffin, D., Anderson, N. L., Brecht, M. L., Verzemnieks, I., Lesser, J., & Kim, S. (2002). Public health nursing care for adolescent mothers: Impact on infant health and selected maternal outcomes at 1 year postbirth. Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 30(1), 44–54.
Model(s) Reviewed
Funding Sources
National Institutes of Nursing Research, Grants R0-1 NR02325 and NR02325-S1, and the Office of Research on Women’s Health, Grant NR02325-S2.
Study Design
| Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Confounding factors | Valid, reliable measures? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Randomized controlled trial | High | Established on race/ethnicity, SES, and baseline outcomes. | None |
Study Participants
Participants were recruited via referrals to a county public health department and assigned randomly to either the intervention or the comparison group. Initially 144 mothers were randomly assigned, 75 to the treatment group and 69 to the comparison group (information obtained from authors). One hundred twenty-one young mothers and their children participated in the study. Sixty-two were assigned to the intervention group, and 59 were assigned to the comparison group. At the one-year follow-up 102 adolescent mothers participated in the study, 55 in the intervention group and 47 in the comparison group. Most were poor, unmarried, and expecting their first child. Mothers ranged in age from 14 to 19 years old at intake (26 weeks or less gestation). Sixty-four percent of the mothers were Latina, 11 percent were African American, and 19 percent were white. Participants were followed from pregnancy through six weeks postpartum. Note: This study contains the same sample as Koniak-Griffin et al. (1999, 2000).
Setting
The study was conducted in San Bernardino County, California, a large, ethnically diverse county adjacent to Los Angeles.
Home Visiting Services
The intervention included a combination of home visits and motherhood preparation classes, both conducted by specially trained public health nurses. The intervention began in mid-pregnancy and continued through the first year of the infant’s life. Participants received approximately 17 home visits by a public health nurse. Each visit lasted between two and two and a half hours. In addition, participants attended four “Preparation for Motherhood” classes lasting six hours each. In addition, The intervention covered five main content areas: (1) health, (2) sexuality and family planning, (3) life skills, (4) maternal role, and (5) social support systems.
Comparison Conditions
Comparison group members received traditional public health nursing services, consisting of three home visits: one at intake, one for prenatal care, and one for postpartum/well-baby care information.
Study Participants
Participants were recruited via referrals to a county public health department and assigned randomly to either the intervention or the comparison group. Initially 144 mothers were randomly assigned, 75 to the treatment group and 69 to the comparison group (information obtained from authors). One hundred twenty-one young mothers and their children participated in the study. Sixty-two were assigned to the intervention group, and 59 were assigned to the comparison group. At the one-year follow-up 102 adolescent mothers participated in the study, 55 in the intervention group and 47 in the comparison group. Most were poor, unmarried, and expecting their first child. Mothers ranged in age from 14 to 19 years old at intake (26 weeks or less gestation). Sixty-four percent of the mothers were Latina, 11 percent were African American, and 19 percent were white. Participants were followed from pregnancy through six weeks postpartum. Note: This study contains the same sample as Koniak-Griffin et al. (1999, 2000).
Setting
The study was conducted in San Bernardino County, California, a large, ethnically diverse county adjacent to Los Angeles.
Home Visiting Services
The intervention included a combination of home visits and motherhood preparation classes, both conducted by specially trained public health nurses. The intervention began in mid-pregnancy and continued through the first year of the infant’s life. Participants received approximately 17 home visits by a public health nurse. Each visit lasted between two and two and a half hours. In addition, participants attended four “Preparation for Motherhood” classes lasting six hours each. In addition, The intervention covered five main content areas: (1) health, (2) sexuality and family planning, (3) life skills, (4) maternal role, and (5) social support systems.
Comparison Conditions
Comparison group members received traditional public health nursing services, consisting of three home visits: one at intake, one for prenatal care, and one for postpartum/well-baby care information.
Findings that rate moderate or high in this manuscript
| Outcome measure | Timing of follow-up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect size (absolute value) | Stastical significance | Sample size | Sample description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number of days of nonbirth-related infant hospitalization | One year postpartum | Moderate | Statistically significant, p < 0.001 | 102 mothers | San Bernardino sample | |||
| Percentage of children hospitalized | One year postpartum | Moderate | 0.19 | Statistical significance not reported | 102 mothers | San Bernardino sample | ||
| Number of episodes of hospitalizations | One year postpartum | Moderate | Statistically significant, p =0.03 | 102 mothers | San Bernardino sample | |||
| Number of infant ER visits | One year postpartum | Moderate | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 102 mothers | San Bernardino sample | |||
| Percentage of children adequately immunized | One year postpartum | Moderate | 0.83 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 | 102 mothers | San Bernardino sample |
| Outcome measure | Timing of follow-up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect size (absolute value) | Stastical significance | Sample size | Sample description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCAST total score | One year postpartum | Moderate | 0.25 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 93 mothers | San Bernardino sample, NCAST sample | ||
| NCAST mother’s score | One year postpartum | Moderate | 0.25 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 93 mothers | San Bernardino sample, NCAST sample | ||
| NCAST child’s score | One year postpartum | Moderate | 0.09 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 93 mothers | San Bernardino sample, NCAST sample |
| Outcome measure | Timing of follow-up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect size (absolute value) | Stastical significance | Sample size | Sample description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CES-D (depression) | One year postpartum | Moderate | 0.09 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 102 mothers | San Bernardino sample | ||
| RSEI (self-esteem) | One year postpartum | Moderate | 0.37 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 102 mothers | San Bernardino sample | ||
| PSS (perceived stress) | One year postpartum | Moderate | 0.13 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 102 mothers | San Bernardino sample | ||
| Repeat pregnancy rate | One year postpartum | Moderate | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 102 mothers | San Bernardino sample |
This study included participants with the following characteristics at enrollment:
Race/Ethnicity
Maternal Education
Other Characteristics
This study included participants from the following locations:
- California