Asian
3%
Drazen, S. M., & Haust, M. (1993, August). Raising reading readiness in low-income children by parent education. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association.
Model(s): Parents as Teachers (PAT)®
Study design characteristics contributing to rating
| Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Confounding factors? | Valid, reliable measures? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-experimental comparison group design | Not applicable |
Established on race/ethnicity, SES, and outcomes |
None |
Not assessed in manuscripts reviewed under Handbook of Procedures and Standards, Version 1 |
Notes from the review of this manuscript
In 2020, HomVEE updated this review to remove two findings related to open and suspected cases of abuse and neglect from the Reductions in Child Maltreatment domain because some cases measured may be unsubstantiated. In this domain HomVEE reviews only outcomes focused on substantiated cases of abuse and neglect.
This study receives a mixed rating. The authors conducted two studies. Two outcomes from Study 1 rate low and all of Study 2 rates low because baseline equivalence was not demonstrated on race/ethnicity, SES, or outcomes (low-rated outcomes are not reported). In Study 1, receiving Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) at present rates low because, though groups were equivalent at baseline on this measure, the authors do not control for it in analyses. In addition, months receiving AFDC rates low because baseline equivalence is not established on this measure (baseline data are not reported). The other outcomes reported in Study 1 receive a moderate rating.
Child Development and School Readiness
| Outcome Measure | Timing of Follow-Up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect Size (Absolute Value) | Stastical Significance | Sample Size | Sample Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achievement-Kaufman ABC | 4-5 years | Moderate | 0.25 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 24 children | Binghamton, NY | |
| Achievement-Kaufman ABC, % Below 90 | 4-5 years | Moderate | 0.17 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 24 children | Binghamton, NY | |
| Fine Motor Delays-Denver Developmental Screening Test | 4-5 years | Moderate | 0.30 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 40 children | Binghamton, NY | |
| Fine Motor Delays-Denver Developmental Screening Test, % Below Age Level | 4-5 years | Moderate | 0.41 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 40 children | Binghamton, NY | |
| Gross Motor Delays-Denver Developmental Screening Test | 4-5 years | Moderate | 0.77 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 | 40 children | Binghamton, NY | |
| Gross Motor Delays-Denver Developmental Screening Test, % Below Age Level | 4-5 years | Moderate | 1.05 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 | 40 children | Binghamton, NY | |
| Language Acquisition Quotient-Zimmerman Preschool Language Scale | 4-5 years | Moderate | 0.57 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 | 40 children | Binghamton, NY | |
| Language Acquisition Quotient-Zimmerman Preschool Language Scale, % Below Age Level | 4-5 years | Moderate | 0.80 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 | 40 children | Binghamton, NY | |
| Mental Processing-Kaufman ABC | 4-5 years | Moderate | 0.62 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 24 children | Binghamton, NY | |
| Mental Processing-Kaufman ABC, % Below 90 | 4-5 years | Moderate | 1.27 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 | 24 children | Binghamton, NY |
Family Economic Self-Sufficiency
| Outcome Measure | Timing of Follow-Up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect Size (Absolute Value) | Stastical Significance | Sample Size | Sample Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change in AFDC Status | 4-5 years | Moderate | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 | 40 children | Binghamton, NY |
Reductions In Child Maltreatment
| Outcome Measure | Timing of Follow-Up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect Size (Absolute Value) | Stastical Significance | Sample Size | Sample Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abuse and/or Neglect-DSS and School Records, Confirmed Cases 1987-1992 | 4-5 years | Moderate | 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 40 children | Binghamton, NY |
This study included participants from the following locations:
- New York
Study Participants
The intervention group comprised 20 Parents and Children Together (PACT) graduates ages 4 and 5 with the highest risk of school failure whose parents started participation in PACT between the time of the child’s birth and first birthday (most started when children were newborns). A comparison child was selected for each intervention child based on race, sex, educational experience, participation in Head Start, and number of risk factors, for a total of 20 comparison children.
Setting
This study took place in Binghamton City School District in New York.
Intervention condition
Note: Navigate to the model page for more information about the home visiting model. See the source manuscript for more information about how the model was implemented in this study.
Comparison Conditions
The comparison condition was business as usual.
Funding Sources
No information given.