Black or African American
91%
Source
Kitzman, H., Olds, D. L., Sidora, K., Henderson, C. R., Hanks, C., Cole, R., et al. (2000). Enduring effects of nurse home visitation on maternal life course: A 3-year follow-up of a randomized trial. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 283(15), 1983–1989.
Model(s) Reviewed
Funding Sources
Grant 90PD0215/01 from the Administration for Children and Families, Department of Health and Human Services; grant 9704-014 from the Carnegie Corporation of New York; grant 031052 from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; and a Senior Research Scientist Award (1-K05-MH01382-01) to Dr. Olds.
Study Design
| Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Confounding factors | Valid, reliable measures? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Randomized controlled trial | Low | Difference in SES, but controlled in analysis. | None |
Notes
In 2020, HomVEE updated this review in two ways. First, HomVEE removed mother's partnership status/family structure findings from the Family Economic Self-Sufficiency domain because ACF determined that mother's partnership status is ineligible for review by HomVEE. Second, HomVEE removed the partner employment finding from the Family Economic Self-Sufficiency domain because partner SES is not eligible for review unless the same SES variable is measured for the mother, and the partner is coresident with the mother.
Study Participants
The sample included pregnant, first-time mothers who were less than 29 weeks pregnant. Women were recruited through an obstetrical clinic if they had no previous live births, no chronic illnesses linked to fetal growth retardation or preterm delivery, and at least two of the following sociodemographic characteristics: unmarried, less than 12 years of education, and unemployed. Between June 1990 and August 1991, 1,290 women were invited to participate and 1,139 consented and were randomly assigned. At enrollment, 92 percent of the women enrolled were African American, 98 percent were unmarried, and 64 percent were age 18 or younger. This study measured the sample when the children were 3 to 5 years old. The study sample included 646 women, 203 in the program group and 443 in the comparison group.
Setting
Memphis, Tennessee
Home Visiting Services
The study included two treatment groups. The first treatment group received home visits from a nurse during pregnancy and two postpartum visits (one in the hospital prior to discharge and one in the home). The treatment group also received the screening and transportation services described below for the comparison groups. The second treatment group received the same services as the first treatment group, but the home visiting continued until the child was 2 years old. On average, the nurses completed 7 home visits during pregnancy and 26 home visits postpartum. Nurses used a detailed protocol for each visit, which focused on health-related behaviors, parenting, education, and employment. The two treatment groups were combined for the prenatal analysis. Only the second treatment group was followed for postnatal outcomes.
Comparison Conditions
The study included two comparison groups. The first comparison group received taxicab transportation for prenatal care appointments. The second comparison group received the transportation plus developmental screening and referral to services when the children were 6, 12, and 24 months old. The two comparison groups were combined for the prenatal analysis. Only the second group was followed for postnatal outcomes.
Findings that rate moderate or high in this manuscript
| Outcome measure | Timing of follow-up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect size (absolute value) | Stastical significance | Sample size | Sample description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of subsequent pregnancies | 3-year follow-up | High | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
646 mothers | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | |||
| Number of subsequent live births | 3-year follow-up | High | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
646 mothers | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | |||
| Number of subsequent pregnancies with short intervals (< 6 months from previous delivery or termination) | 3-year follow-up | High | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
646 mothers | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | |||
| Number of subsequent spontaneous abortions | 3-year follow-up | High | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
646 mothers | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | |||
| Number of subsequent therapeutic abortions | 3-year follow-up | High | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
646 mothers | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | |||
| Number of subsequent still births | 3-year follow-up | High | Not statistically significant p ≥ 0.05 |
646 mothers | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | |||
| Number of months between birth or first and second child | 3-year follow-up | High | Statistically significant, p ≤ 0.01 |
646 mothers | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) |
| Outcome measure | Timing of follow-up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect size (absolute value) | Stastical significance | Sample size | Sample description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of subsequent low birth weight newborns (< 2500 g) | 3-year follow-up | High | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
646 mothers | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | |||
| Number of subsequent neonatal intensive care unit or special care admissions | 3-year follow-up | High | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
646 mothers | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) |
| Outcome measure | Timing of follow-up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect size (absolute value) | Stastical significance | Sample size | Sample description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of months worked (0–54 months postpartum) | 3-year follow-up | High | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
646 mothers | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | |||
| Number of months mother or child received AFDC (0–60 months postpartum) | 3-year follow-up | High | Statistically significant, p ≤ 0.01 |
646 mothers | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | |||
| Number of months mother or child received food stamps (0–60 months postpartum) | 3-year follow-up | High | Statistically significant, p ≤ 0.01 |
646 mothers | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | |||
| Number of months received Medicaid (0–54 months postpartum) | 3-year follow-up | High | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
646 mothers | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | |||
| Number of months received WIC (0–54 months postpartum) | 3-year follow-up | High | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
646 mothers | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | |||
| Highest education level | 3-year follow-up | High | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
646 mothers | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) | |||
| Current socioeconomic status (percentile ranked by U.S. occupational codes) | 3-year follow-up | High | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
646 mothers | Nurse visited during pregnancy + infancy and developmental screening comparison (Memphis) |
This study included participants with the following characteristics at enrollment:
Race/Ethnicity
Maternal Education
Other Characteristics
This study included participants from the following locations:
- Tennessee