Black or African American
17%
Barth, R. P. (1991). An experimental evaluation of in-home child abuse prevention services. Child Abuse and Neglect: The International Journal, 15(4), 363-75.
Additional Sources:
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Barth, R. P., Hacking, S., & Ash, J. R. (1988). Preventing child abuse: An experimental evaluation of the Child Parent Enrichment Project. Journal of Primary Prevention, 8(4), 201-217.
Model(s): Child Parent Enrichment Project (CPEP)
Study design characteristics contributing to rating
| Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Confounding factors? | Valid, reliable measures? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Randomized controlled trial | Not applicable |
Established on race and socioeconomic status |
None |
Not assessed in manuscripts reviewed under Handbook of Procedures and Standards, Version 1 |
Notes from the review of this manuscript
Mothers in the CPEP group who refused services or received fewer than five home visits were reassigned to the control group. Thus, we treat the study as a quasi-experimental design for purposes of the review, and an evaluation of attrition does not apply. The moderate rating applies to outcomes that were not assessable at baseline (health habits during pregnancy, child health, child development, and reductions in child maltreatment); those outcomes that could be measured at baseline (parent well-being and parent support) but were not controlled in the analysis receive a low rating.
Child Development and School Readiness
| Outcome Measure | Timing of Follow-Up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect Size (Absolute Value) | Stastical Significance | Sample Size | Sample Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Activity (ITQ subscale) | 6 months | Moderate | 0.23 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 191 mothers | Reassigned sample | |
| Distractibility (ITQ subscale) | 6 months | Moderate | 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 191 mothers | Reassigned sample | |
| Mood (ITQ subscale) | 6 months | Moderate | 0.39 | Statistically significant, p = 0.01 | 191 mothers | Reassigned sample |
Child Health
| Outcome Measure | Timing of Follow-Up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect Size (Absolute Value) | Stastical Significance | Sample Size | Sample Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baby care (child welfare) | 6 months | Moderate | 0.09 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 191 mothers | Reassigned sample | |
| Birthweight (grams) | 6 months | Moderate | 0.21 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 191 mothers | Reassigned sample | |
| Emergency (child welfare) | 6 months | Moderate | 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 191 mothers | Reassigned sample | |
| Health (child welfare) | 6 months | Moderate | 0.06 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 191 mothers | Reassigned sample |
Maternal Health
| Outcome Measure | Timing of Follow-Up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect Size (Absolute Value) | Stastical Significance | Sample Size | Sample Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Discomfort (birth outcome) | 6 months | Moderate | 0.14 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 191 mothers | Reassigned sample | |
| Eat bad | 6 months | Moderate | 0.06 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 191 mothers | Reassigned sample | |
| Eat right | 6 months | Moderate | 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 191 mothers | Reassigned sample | |
| Hospital stay | 6 months | Moderate | 0.33 | Statistically significant, p = 0.02 | 191 mothers | Reassigned sample | |
| Pregnancy problems | 6 months | Moderate | 0.12 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 191 mothers | Reassigned sample | |
| Prenatal care | 6 months | Moderate | 0.05 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 191 mothers | Reassigned sample | |
| Worries (birth outcome) | 6 months | Moderate | 0.12 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 191 mothers | Reassigned sample |
Reductions In Child Maltreatment
| Outcome Measure | Timing of Follow-Up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect Size (Absolute Value) | Stastical Significance | Sample Size | Sample Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Need care (child welfare) | 6 months | Moderate | 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 191 mothers | Reassigned sample |
This study included participants from the following locations:
- California
Study Participants
Expectant mothers deemed at-risk for child abuse were referred to the study team by service providers in public health, education, and social services. Eligible mothers who expressed interest in the program were randomly assigned to either CPEP or a no-treatment control group. Random assignment occurred before the formal initial assessment interview by the CPEP team. Mothers in the CPEP group who refused services or received fewer than five home visits were reassigned to the control group. The analysis sample for the study included 97 mothers in the CPEP group and 94 mothers in the control group. The ethnic composition of the combined groups was 45 percent Caucasian, 17 percent African American, 31 percent Hispanic, and 7 percent of other or multiple races. Four in 10 mothers in the sample were on Aid to Families with Dependent Children, and 70 percent had incomes of less than $10,000. On average, mothers were 5.7 months pregnant when they began the program; 56 percent had at least one additional child at enrollment.
Setting
The study was conducted in Contra Costa County, California.
Intervention condition
Note: Navigate to the model page for more information about the home visiting model. See the source manuscript for more information about how the model was implemented in this study.
Comparison Conditions
Control group mothers received referrals to appropriate social and health services identified by the two-hour assessment interview.
Funding Sources
Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Human Development Services, Administration on Children, Youth, and Families, Grants 90-CA-0988 and 90-PJ-000101. Bio-Medical Research Support Grant, Grant 2-507-RR07006. National Institute of Health, Division of Research, State of California Office of Child Abuse Prevention, Grant CB 33015-AI.