Black or African American
10%
Source
Koniak-Griffin, D., Anderson, N. L., Verzemnieks, I., & Brecht, M. L. (2000). A public health nursing early intervention program for adolescent mothers: Outcomes from pregnancy through 6 weeks postpartum. Nursing Research, 49(3), 130–138.
Model(s) Reviewed
Funding Sources
National Institutes of Nursing Research, Grants R0-1 NR02325 and NR02325-S1, and the Office of Research on Women’s Health, Grant NR02325-S2.
Study Design
| Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Confounding factors | Valid, reliable measures? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Randomized controlled trial | Low | Not Applicable | None |
Notes
High rating applies to 12 outcomes. Analyses of two outcomes—NCAST total score and NCAST mother’s score—receive a moderate rating because of high attrition.
Study Participants
Participants were recruited via referrals to a county public health department and assigned randomly to either the intervention or the comparison group. Initially 144 mothers were randomly assigned, 75 to the treatment group and 69 to the comparison group (information obtained from authors). One hundred twenty-one young mothers and their children participated in the study. Most were poor, unmarried, and expecting their first child. Mothers ranged in age from 14 to 19 years old at intake (26 weeks or less gestation). Sixty-four percent of the mothers were Latina, 11 percent were African American, and 20 percent were white. Participants were followed from pregnancy through six weeks postpartum. Note: This study contains follow up on the same samples as Koniak-Griffin et al. (1999).
Setting
The study was conducted in San Bernardino County, California, a large, ethnically diverse county adjacent to Los Angeles.
Home Visiting Services
The intervention included a combination of home visits and motherhood preparation classes, both conducted by specially trained public health nurses. The intervention began in mid-pregnancy and continued through the first year of the infant’s life. Participants received approximately 17 home visits by a public health nurse. Each visit lasted between two and two and a half hours. In addition, participants attended four “Preparation for Motherhood” classes lasting six hours each. In addition, The intervention covered five main content areas: (1) health, (2) sexuality and family planning, (3) life skills, (4) maternal role, and (5) social support systems.
Comparison Conditions
Comparison group members received traditional public health nursing services, consisting of three home visits: one at intake, one for prenatal care, and one for postpartum/well-baby care information.
Study Participants
Participants were recruited via referrals to a county public health department and assigned randomly to either the intervention or the comparison group. Initially 144 mothers were randomly assigned, 75 to the treatment group and 69 to the comparison group (information obtained from authors). One hundred twenty-one young mothers and their children participated in the study. Most were poor, unmarried, and expecting their first child. Mothers ranged in age from 14 to 19 years old at intake (26 weeks or less gestation). Sixty-four percent of the mothers were Latina, 11 percent were African American, and 20 percent were white. Participants were followed from pregnancy through six weeks postpartum. Note: This study contains follow up on the same samples as Koniak-Griffin et al. (1999).
Setting
The study was conducted in San Bernardino County, California, a large, ethnically diverse county adjacent to Los Angeles.
Home Visiting Services
The intervention included a combination of home visits and motherhood preparation classes, both conducted by specially trained public health nurses. The intervention began in mid-pregnancy and continued through the first year of the infant’s life. Participants received approximately 17 home visits by a public health nurse. Each visit lasted between two and two and a half hours. In addition, participants attended four “Preparation for Motherhood” classes lasting six hours each. In addition, The intervention covered five main content areas: (1) health, (2) sexuality and family planning, (3) life skills, (4) maternal role, and (5) social support systems.
Comparison Conditions
Comparison group members received traditional public health nursing services, consisting of three home visits: one at intake, one for prenatal care, and one for postpartum/well-baby care information.
Findings that rate moderate or high in this manuscript
| Outcome measure | Timing of follow-up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect size (absolute value) | Stastical significance | Sample size | Sample description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth weight | 6 weeks postpartum | High | 0.04 | Statistical significance not reported | 121 mothers | San Bernardin o sample | ||
| Percentage premature | Intrapartum | High | 0.62 | Statistical significance not reported | 121 mothers | San Bernardino sample | ||
| Total number of days for birth-related infant hospitalization | 6 weeks postpartum | High | Not statistically significant, p = 0.07 | 121 mothers | San Bernardino sample | |||
| Additional days of rehospitalization | 6 weeks postpartum | High | Statistically significant, p = 0.046 | 121 mothers | San Bernardino sample | |||
| Total number of days for infant re-hospitalization during the first 6 weeks of life | 6 weeks postpartum | High | Statistically significant, p = 0.01 | 121 mothers | San Bernardino sample |
| Outcome measure | Timing of follow-up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect size (absolute value) | Stastical significance | Sample size | Sample description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive education outcome | 6 weeks postpartum | High | Statistically significant, p < 0.009 | 121 mothers | San Bernardino sample | |||
| Positive education transitions | 6 weeks postpartum | High | Statistically significant, p =0.02 | 121 mothers | San Bernardino sample |
| Outcome measure | Timing of follow-up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect size (absolute value) | Stastical significance | Sample size | Sample description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of prenatal health problems | 6 weeks postpartum | High | 0.03 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 121 mothers | San Bernardino sample | ||
| Total number of prenatal visits | 6 weeks postpartum | High | 0.03 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 121 mothers | San Bernardion sample | ||
| Internal social competence | 6 weeks postpartum | High | 0.28 | Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 | 121 mothers | San Bernardino sample | ||
| External social competence | 6 weeks postpartum | High | 0.40 | Statistically significant, p =0.03 | 121 mothers | San Bernardino sample | ||
| Substance use | 6 weeks postpartum | High | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 121 mothers | San Bernardino sample |
| Outcome measure | Timing of follow-up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect size (absolute value) | Stastical significance | Sample size | Sample description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCAST total score | 6 weeks postpartum | Moderate | 0.28 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 97 mothers | San Bernardino sample, NCAST sample | ||
| NCAST mother’s score | 6 weeks postpartum | Moderate | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 97 mothers | San Bernardino sample, NCAST sample |
This study included participants with the following characteristics at enrollment:
Race/Ethnicity
Maternal Education
Other Characteristics
This study included participants from the following locations:
- California