Black or African American
7%
Keefe, M. R., Karlsen, K. A., Lobo, M. L., Kotzer, A. M., & Dudley, W. N. (2006). Reducing parenting stress in families with irritable infants. Nursing Research, 55(3), 198-205.
Model(s) Reviewed
Navigate to model page for more information about the home visiting model.
Funding Sources
National Institutes of Nursing Research, Grants R0-1 NR04661.
Study Design
| Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Confounding factors | Valid, reliable measures? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Randomized controlled trial | Low | Not applicable |
None |
Not assessed in manuscripts reviewed under Handbook of Procedures and Standards, Version 1 |
Keefe, M. R., Lobo, M., Froese-Fretz, A., Kotzer, A. M., Barbosa, G., & Dudley, W. (2006) and Keefe M. R., Karlsen, K. A., Lobo, M. L., Kotzer, A. M., & Dudley, W. N. (2006) used the same sample.
High rating applies to treatment versus control comparison. Comparisons of these groups with the post-test-only group receive a low rating because of failure to establish baseline equivalence on socioeconomic status for that group.
Findings that rate moderate or high in this manuscript
Maternal health
| Outcome measure | Timing of follow-up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect size (absolute value) | Stastical significance | Sample size | Sample description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parenting Stress Index-Short Form | 4 weeks | High | 0.27 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 121 mother/child dyads | Full sample |
Study Participants
Participants (infants and their parents) were either referred by their pediatrician or nurse or recruited through local advertisements. Infants were all full-term, healthy, low-risk births between the ages of 2 and 6 weeks and lived within a 2-hour radius of the metropolitan area. Researchers randomly assigned 137 infants and their caregivers: 71 to the treatment group and 66 to the comparison group. A third group of 48 infants and their caregivers were assigned to receive limited exposure to treatment and comprised a post-test-only group. These 48 infants exceeded the authors’ 2- to 6-week age cutoff and could not be included in the randomization. Baseline equivalence on socioeconomic status could not be established on this group and their results are excluded from the HomVEE review. Participants were followed for 8 weeks.
Setting
The study was conducted in Charleston, South Carolina, and Denver, Colorado.
Home Visiting Services
The intervention included four home visits conducted by specially trained pediatric nurse specialists. The intervention consisted of four home visits that occurred weekly after baseline data were collected. Each home visit lasted approximately one hour and included infant behavior assessments and demonstrations. The intervention had two components: the first was activities to help colicky infants and the second component assisted parents. The principles guiding infant interventions were: (1) regulation, (2) entrainment, (3) structure, and (4) touch. The parent component covered four main content areas: (1) reassurance, (2) empathy, (3) support, and (4) time-out.
Model(s) Reviewed
Navigate to model page for more information about the home visiting model.
Comparison Conditions
Comparison group members received a standard well-child care for a four-week period.
This study included participants from the following locations:
- Colorado
- South Carolina