Hispanic or Latino
60%
LeCroy, C. W., & Krysik, J. (2011). Randomized trial of the Healthy Families Arizona home visiting program. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(10), 1761–1766.
Model(s): Healthy Families America (HFA)®
Study design characteristics contributing to rating
| Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Confounding factors? | Valid, reliable measures? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Randomized controlled trial | Low |
Established on race/ethnicity. |
None |
Not assessed in manuscripts reviewed under Handbook of Procedures and Standards, Version 1 |
Notes from the review of this manuscript
High rating applies to all outcomes except those with baseline differences that were not controlled. The moderate rating applies to the following outcomes: use of resources, emotional loneliness, and pathways to goals.
These outcomes are rated moderate due to baseline differences in these variables that were not controlled for in the analyses.
Family Economic Self-Sufficiency
| Outcome Measure | Timing of Follow-Up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect Size (Absolute Value) | Stastical Significance | Sample Size | Sample Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| School or training for mother | 12 months | High | 1.19 | Statistically significant, p = 0.01 | 171 mothers | Arizona sample |
Linkages and Referrals
| Outcome Measure | Timing of Follow-Up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect Size (Absolute Value) | Stastical Significance | Sample Size | Sample Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Use of resources | 6 months | Moderate | 4.32 | Statistically significant, p =0.007 | 180 mothers | Arizona sample |
Maternal Health
| Outcome Measure | Timing of Follow-Up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect Size (Absolute Value) | Stastical Significance | Sample Size | Sample Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcohol use | 6 months | High | 0.59 | Not available | 180 mothers | Arizona sample | |
| Alcohol use | 12 months | High | 0.40 | Statistically significant, p = 0.04 | 171 mothers | Arizona sample | |
| Emotional loneliness | 6 months | Moderate | 0.01 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.34 | 180 mothers | Arizona sample | |
| Pathways to goal | 6 months | Moderate | 0.89 | Not statistically significant, p =0.12 | 180 mothers | Arizona sample | |
| Pathways to goal | 12 months | Moderate | 1.69 | Not statistically significant, p =0.87 | 171 mothers | Arizona sample | |
| Use of resources | 12 months | Moderate | 1.58 | Statistically significant, p =0.001 | 171 mothers | Arizona sample | |
| Using birth control | 6 months | High | 0.03 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.061 | 180 mothers | Arizona sample | |
| Using birth control | 12 months | High | Not statistically significant, p = 0.54 | 171 mothers | Arizona sample |
Positive Parenting Practices
| Outcome Measure | Timing of Follow-Up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect Size (Absolute Value) | Stastical Significance | Sample Size | Sample Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aggressive discipline | 12 months | High | 2.43 | Not statistically significant, p =0.10 | 168 mothers | Arizona sample | |
| Belief in corporal punishment | 6 months | High | 0.15 | Not statistically significant, p =0.12 | 180 mothers | Arizona sample | |
| Belief in corporal punishment (AAPI-2) | 12 months | High | 0.03 | Not statistically significant, p =0.63 | 168 mothers | Arizona sample | |
| Inappropriate expectations | 6 months | High | 0.22 | Not statistically significant, p =0.10 | 180 mothers | Arizona sample | |
| Inappropriate expectations (AAPI-2) | 12 months | High | 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p =0.91 | 168 mothers | Arizona sample | |
| Lack of empathy | 6 months | High | 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.54 | 180 mothers | Arizona sample | |
| Lack of empathy (AAPI-2) | 12 months | High | 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p =0.91 | 168 mothers | Arizona sample | |
| Mother's reading | 6 months | High | 1.62 | Not statistically significant, p =0.28 | 180 mothers | Arizona sample | |
| Mother's reading | 12 months | High | 0.27 | Not statistically significant, p =0.85 | 168 mothers | Arizona sample | |
| Never called name, cursed | 12 months | High | 0.26 | Not statistically significant, p =0.33 | 168 mothers | Arizona sample | |
| Never hit elsewhere | 12 months | High | 0.68 | Not statistically significant, p =0.28 | 168 mothers | Arizona sample | |
| Never pinched child | 12 months | High | 1.12 | Not statistically significant, p =0.15 | 168 mothers | Arizona sample | |
| Never shouted, yelled at child | 12 months | High | 0.43 | Statistically significant, p =0.02 | 168 mothers | Arizona sample | |
| Never slapped hand | 12 months | High | 0.42 | Statistically significant, p =0.03 | 168 mothers | Arizona sample | |
| Never slapped on face | 12 months | High | Not statistically significant, p =0.99 | 168 mothers | Arizona sample | ||
| Never smacked/threatened, hit | 12 months | High | 0.16 | Not statistically significant, p =0.30 | 168 mothers | Arizona sample | |
| Never spanked | 12 months | High | 0.14 | Not statistically significant, p =0.19 | 168 mothers | Arizona sample | |
| Never threw object at child | 12 months | High | Not statistically significant, p =0.32 | 168 mothers | Arizona sample | ||
| Oppressing child's independence | 12 months | High | Not statistically significant, p =0.68 | 168 mothers | Arizona sample | ||
| Oppressing child's independence (AAPI-2) | 6 months | High | 0.10 | Not statistically significant, p =0.06 | 180 mothers | Arizona sample | |
| Reversing roles | 6 months | High | 0.17 | Not statistically significant, p =0.32 | 180 mothers | Arizona sample | |
| Reversing roles (AAPI-2) | 12 months | High | Not statistically significant, p =0.33 | 168 mothers | Arizona sample | ||
| Safety practices | 6 months | High | 3.00 | Statistically significant, p = 0.04 | 180 mothers | Arizona sample | |
| Safety practices | 12 months | High | 1.17 | Not statistically significant, p =0.42 | 168 mothers | Arizona sample |
Reductions in Juvenile Delinquency, Family Violence, and Crime
| Outcome Measure | Timing of Follow-Up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect Size (Absolute Value) | Stastical Significance | Sample Size | Sample Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family violence | 6 months | Moderate | 1.87 | Not statistically significant, p =0.15 | 180 mothers | Arizona sample | |
| Family violence | 12 months | Moderate | 1.12 | Not statistically significant, p =0.37 | 168 mothers | Arizona sample |
This study included participants from the following locations:
- Arizona
Study Participants
Following assessment, families meeting Healthy Families Arizona criteria were randomly assigned to the experimental group or the Child Development control group. A total of 195 families enrolled in the study and completed baseline interviews (98 in the experimental group and 97 in the control group). Eighty-five families in the experimental group and 86 families in the control group completed one-year interviews. Twenty-five percent of the mothers in the study were white and 74 percent were Hispanic.
Setting
The study took place in a single Healthy Families Arizona site in a large metropolitan area in the state.
Intervention condition
Note: Navigate to the model page for more information about the home visiting model. See the source manuscript for more information about how the model was implemented in this study.
Comparison Conditions
Families assigned to the Child Development control group received assessment information about their child’s developmental progress in the context of a consistent and long-term positive relationship. Control group families were also offered opportunities to access services if desired.
Funding Sources
Arizona Department of Economic Security