Black or African American
8.70%
Source
Williams, C. M., Asaolu, I., English, B., Jewell, T., Smith, K., & Robl, J. (2014). Maternal health improvement by HANDS home visiting program (Unpublished manuscript). University of Kentucky Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lexington, KY.
Model(s) Reviewed
Funding Sources
Kentucky Department for Public Health, funded through MIECHV grants D89MC23538 and X02MC27402.
Study Design
| Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Confounding factors | Valid, reliable measures? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-experimental comparison group design | Not applicable | Established on race; established on SES. Outcome measures were not assessable at baseline. | None |
Notes
The findings in the unpublished manuscript are also in the peer reviewed journal article cited as an additional source.
Study Participants
This study examined 4,506 mother–infant pairs. Among these, 2,253 were HANDS participants and 2,253 were in a comparison group. All study participants were first-time parents, had at least two risk factors, and were either pregnant or had a child who was age 3 months or younger. Risk factors included unemployment, isolation, history of substance abuse, unstable housing, limited parental education, domestic violence, poor prenatal care, and maternal depression. Study participants were 88 percent white, non-Hispanic; 9 percent black, non-Hispanic; 2 percent Hispanic; and 1 percent some other race. Most (78 percent) study participants had Medicaid coverage at the time of referral to HANDS, and 33 percent of the mothers had less than 12 years of education.
Setting
Kentucky (statewide)
Home Visiting Services
Women could enroll in HANDS during pregnancy or until the infant was 3 months old. Home visiting services continued until the child's second birthday. Home visiting services included education and development of parenting skills, linking families to medical homes, assisting families to meet basic needs, and direct service delivery for the mother and child.
Comparison Conditions
Mother–infant pairs in the comparison groups were selected from the group of mothers referred to HANDS. Mothers in the comparison condition completed a screening tool and were found to be eligible for home visits, but chose not to participate and did not receive any home visits.
Findings that rate moderate or high in this manuscript
| Outcome measure | Timing of follow-up | Rating | Effect size | Stastical significance | Sample size | Sample description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pregnancy-induced hypertension (proportion) | Birth | Moderate | -0.41 | Statistically significant, p = 0.00 | 4506 mothers | Kentucky 2011-2012 matched |
| Maternal complications during delivery (proportion) | Birth | Moderate | -0.31 | Statistically significant, p = 0.01 | 4506 mothers | Kentucky 2011-2012 matched |
| Adequate prenatal care (proportion) | Birth | Moderate | 0.08 | Statistically significant, p = 0.05 | 4506 mothers | Kentucky 2011-2012 matched |
| Maternal weight gain during pregnancy (pounds) | Birth | Moderate | Statistically significant, p = 0.05 | 4506 mothers | Kentucky 2011-2012 matched |
| Outcome measure | Timing of follow-up | Rating | Effect size | Stastical significance | Sample size | Sample description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breastfeeding (proportion) | Birth | Moderate | -0.06 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.15 | 4506 mothers | Kentucky 2011-2012 matched |
| Outcome measure | Timing of follow-up | Rating | Effect size | Stastical significance | Sample size | Sample description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal receipt of WIC (proportion) | Birth | Moderate | 0.27 | Statistically significant, p = 0.00 | 4506 mothers | Kentucky 2011-2012 matched |
This study included participants with the following characteristics at enrollment:
Race/Ethnicity
Maternal Education
Other Characteristics
This study included participants from the following locations:
- Kentucky