Black or African American
17%
Source
McKelvey, L., Schiffman, R. F., Brophy-Herb, H. E., Bocknek, E. L., Fitzgerald, H. E., Reischl, T. M., Hawver, S., & DeLuca, M. C. (2015). Examining long-term effects of an infant mental health home-based Early Head Start Program on family strengths and resilience. Infant Mental Health Journal, 36(4), 353-365.
Note: Navigate to model page for more information about the home visiting model. See the study manuscript for more information about how the model was implemented in this study.
Funding Sources
90YF0010: Pathways Project: Research into Directions for Family Health and Service Use, from the Administration on Children, Youth, and Families, Department of Health and Human Services, Rachel F. Schiffman, Ph.D., R.N., Principal Investigator, Michigan State University.
Study Design
| Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Confounding factors | Valid, reliable measures? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Randomized controlled trial | Low | Not established on race; established on SES; not established on outcome measures assessable at baseline. |
None |
Not assessed in manuscripts reviewed under Handbook of Procedures and Standards, Version 1 |
Study Participants
This study used data from one of 17 sites that were part of a national randomized controlled trial (the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project). This site, called the Pathways Project, implemented an infant mental health home-based services (IMH-HB) version of Early Head Start. The site randomly assigned 98 families to the treatment condition and 98 to the control condition. The analysis sample included 152 families who participated in three waves of data collection when the child was 3, 5, and 7 years old. The median household income at baseline data collection was $7,714 [1998 dollars], and approximately half (45 percent) of parents had less than a high school degree. The majority of parents were Caucasian (75 percent), 17 percent were African American, and the remainder (8 percent) identified as another race/ethnicity.
Setting
The study examined outcomes for participants in Jackson, Michigan. Jackson was one of 17 sites that participated in a larger study of Early Head Start.
Home Visiting Services
Families enrolled in the program participated for an average of 21 months with an average of 71 completed home visits. The home visits included activities focused on the child, the family, and staff-family relationship building.
Note: Navigate to model page for more information about the home visiting model. See the study manuscript for more information about how the model was implemented in this study.
Comparison Conditions
Families in the comparison condition were not enrolled in Early Head Start but could access similar services in their communities, including home visiting services. Seventy percent of families in the comparison condition accessed home visiting services, including those provided by Medicaid enhanced prenatal care programs.
Findings that rate moderate or high in this manuscript
Maternal health
| Outcome measure | Timing of follow-up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect size (absolute value) | Stastical significance | Sample size | Sample description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PES: attitudes |
Pooled (ages 3, 5, and 7) |
Moderate | Statistically significant, p<0.01 |
152 | Full sample |
|||
PES: skills & knowledge |
Pooled (ages 3, 5, and 7) |
Moderate | Statistically significant, p<0.01 |
152 | Full sample |
|||
F-COPES: seeking support from neighbors |
Pooled (ages 3, 5, and 7) |
Moderate | Statistically significant, p<0.05 |
152 | Full sample |
|||
McMaster FAD: healthy functioning |
Pooled (ages 3, 5, and 7) |
Moderate | Statistically significant, p<0.01 |
152 | Full sample |
|||
McMaster FAD: unhealthy functioning |
Pooled (ages 3, 5, and 7) |
Moderate | Statistically significant, p<0.01 |
152 | Full sample |
|||
Pearlin Mastery, age 7 |
Age 7 |
Moderate | Statistically significant, p<0.05 |
152 | 0 |
|||
PSI: parental distress |
Pooled (ages 3 and 7) |
Moderate | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
152 | Full sample |
|||
PSI: parent-child dysfunctional interaction |
Pooled (ages 3 and 7) |
Moderate | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
152 | Full sample |
|||
F-COPES: cognitive reframing |
Pooled (ages 3, 5, and 7) |
Moderate | Not statistically significant, p >0.10 |
152 | Full sample |
|||
F-COPES: seeking support from family and friends |
Pooled (ages 3, 5, and 7) |
Moderate | Not statistically significant, p >0.10 |
152 | Full sample |
|||
F-COPES: seeking support from service providers |
Pooled (ages 3, 5, and 7) |
Moderate | Not statistically significant, p >0.10 |
152 | Full sample |
|||
F-COPES: spiritual coping |
Pooled (ages 3, 5, and 7) |
Moderate | Not statistically significant, p > 0.10 |
152 | Full sample |
This study included participants with the following characteristics at enrollment:
Race/Ethnicity
Maternal Education
Other Characteristics
This study included participants from the following locations:
- Michigan