Black or African American
94%
Source
Enoch, M. A., Kitzman, H., Smith, J. A., Anson, E., Hodgkinson, C. A., Goldman, D., & Olds, D. L. (2016). A prospective cohort study of influences on externalizing behaviors across childhood: Results from a nurse home visiting randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 55(5), 376–382.
Model(s) Reviewed
Funding Sources
This study was supported with funding from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the Pew Charitable Trusts, the William T. Grant Foundation, and an NIH Senior Research Scientist Award to Dr. Olds (1-K05-MH01382-01).
Study Design
| Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Confounding factors | Valid, reliable measures? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Randomized controlled trial | Low | Established on race/ethnicity and SES; outcomes not feasible to assess at baseline | None |
Study Participants
Participants were firstborn children of predominantly African-American mothers in Memphis, TN, who participated in a randomized controlled trial study of the Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) model beginning in 1991. Eligible participants were less than 29 weeks pregnant when they enrolled, had never delivered a live birth, and had two or more of the following risk factors: unmarried, less than 12 years of education, and/or unemployed. For the current study, the treatment group had 186 mothers and the comparison group had 414 mothers. At baseline, 94 percent of mothers in the sample identified as African-American and the average maternal age was 18.1 years. On average, 36 percent of the treatment group was living below the poverty level.
Setting
Memphis, TN
Home Visiting Services
Mothers assigned to the NFP treatment group received regular nurse home visits starting in pregnancy and ending when the child turned 2 years old. Mothers in the treatment group also received the same services as the comparison group.
Comparison Conditions
Mothers in the comparison group received free transportation to scheduled prenatal care appointments and screening and referral services for their child.
Were any subgroups examined?
No
Subgroups examined
• Maternal self-efficacy (has high self-efficacy)
Findings that rate moderate or high in this manuscript
| Outcome measure | Timing of follow-up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect size (absolute value) | Stastical significance | Sample size | Sample description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Composite externalizing disorders (ED) continuous total scores: Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) (2-year follow-up) |
2 years |
High | Statistically significant, p = 0.03 |
587 children | Nurse home-visited vs. comparison, Memphis sample |
|||
Composite externalizing disorders (ED) continuous total scores: Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) (6-year follow-up) |
6 years |
High | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
575 children | Nurse home-visited vs. comparison, Memphis sample |
|||
Composite externalizing disorders (ED) continuous total scores: Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) (12-year follow-up) |
12 years |
High | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
559 children | Nurse home-visited vs. comparison, Memphis sample |
This study included participants with the following characteristics at enrollment:
Race/Ethnicity
Maternal Education
Other Characteristics
This study included participants from the following locations:
- Tennessee