Less than a high school diploma
72%
Negrão, M., Pereira, M., Soares, I., & Mesman, J. (2014). Enhancing positive parent-child interactions and family functioning in a poverty sample: A randomized control trial. Attachment & Human Development, 16(4), 315-328.
Peer Reviewed
Study design characteristics contributing to rating
| Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Confounding factors? | Valid, reliable measures? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Randomized controlled trial | Low |
Not assessed for randomized controlled trials with low attrition |
No |
Yes, details reported below for findings on valid, reliable outcomes that otherwise rate at least moderate |
Child Development and School Readiness
| Outcome Measure | Timing of Follow-Up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect Size (Absolute Value) | Stastical Significance | Sample Size | Sample Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emotional Availability (EA) Scales: Child involvement | 1 month after last home visit/telephone call | High | 0.64 | Statistically significant, p= <.05 | 43 mother/child dyads | VIPP-SD vs. comparison, Portugal, full sample | |
| Emotional Availability (EA) Scales: Child responsiveness | 1 month after last home visit/telephone call | High | 0.76 | Statistically significant, p= <.05 | 43 mother/child dyads | VIPP-SD vs. comparison, Portugal, full sample | |
| Emotional Availability (EA) Scales: Positive child behavior | 1 month after last home visit/telephone call | High | 0.72 | Statistically significant, p= <.05 | 43 mother/child dyads | VIPP-SD vs. comparison, Portugal, full sample |
Positive Parenting Practices
| Outcome Measure | Timing of Follow-Up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect Size (Absolute Value) | Stastical Significance | Sample Size | Sample Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emotional Availability (EA) Scales: Nonhostility | 1 month after last home visit/telephone call | High | 0.24 | Not statistically significant, p= >.05 | 43 mother/child dyads | VIPP-SD vs. comparison, Portugal, full sample | |
| Emotional Availability (EA) Scales: Nonintrusiveness | 1 month after last home visit/telephone call | High | 1.08 | Statistically significant, p= <.001 | 43 mother/child dyads | VIPP-SD vs. comparison, Portugal, full sample | |
| Emotional Availability (EA) Scales: Positive parenting | 1 month after last home visit/telephone call | High | 0.63 | Statistically significant, p= <.05 | 43 mother/child dyads | VIPP-SD vs. comparison, Portugal, full sample | |
| Emotional Availability (EA) Scales: Sensitivity | 1 month after last home visit/telephone call | High | 0.42 | Not statistically significant, p= >.05 | 43 mother/child dyads | VIPP-SD vs. comparison, Portugal, full sample | |
| Emotional Availability (EA) Scales: Structuring | 1 month after last home visit/telephone call | High | 0.38 | Not statistically significant, p= >.05 | 43 mother/child dyads | VIPP-SD vs. comparison, Portugal, full sample | |
| Family Environment Scale (FES): Cohesion | 1 month after last home visit/telephone call | High | 0.89 | Statistically significant, p= <.05 | 43 mothers | VIPP-SD vs. comparison, Portugal, full sample | |
| Family Environment Scale (FES): Conflict | 1 month after last home visit/telephone call | High | 0.43 | Not statistically significant, p= >.05 | 43 mothers | VIPP-SD vs. comparison, Portugal, full sample | |
| Family Environment Scale (FES): Expressiveness | 1 month after last home visit/telephone call | High | 0.08 | Not statistically significant, p= >.05 | 43 mothers | VIPP-SD vs. comparison, Portugal, full sample | |
| Family Environment Scale (FES): Family relational functioning | 1 month after last home visit/telephone call | High | 0.57 | Statistically significant, p= <.05 | 43 mothers | VIPP-SD vs. comparison, Portugal, full sample |
This study included participants from the following locations:
- State not reported or international
International Locations
International (other)
Study Participants
Families were eligible for this study if (1) at least one risk related to quality of family relations or quality of parenting was present on the Portuguese short version of the Family Risks and Strengths Profile, (2) they had a child between 1 and 4 years of age, and (3) children were Portuguese and living with their biological mother as primary caregiver. Families were randomly assigned after pretest to either the intervention (29) or comparison (26) group based on a computer-generated list. The analytic sample included 43 families, 22 families in the intervention group and 21 families in the comparison group. Outcomes were assessed approximately one month after the last home visit in the intervention or after the last phone call for the comparison group. The mean age of children was 29.1 months at enrollment and 35.3 months at follow up. The mean age of mothers was 30 years old. Family education level was low, with the majority of mothers and fathers not having completed the Portuguese mandatory education level. Most families (79 percent) received welfare assistance.
Setting
The study took place in the North of Portugal.
Intervention condition
Note: Navigate to the model page for more information about the home visiting model. See the source manuscript for more information about how the model was implemented in this study.
Comparison Conditions
Mothers in the comparison group received six telephone calls in parallel to when participants in the intervention group received the VIPP-SD sessions. Each researcher-led phone call lasted about 10 minutes and focused on a standard topic related to child development.
Subgroups examined
There were no subgroups reported in this manuscript.
Funding Sources
This research was supported by Fundação Ciěncia e Tecnologia by Award Numbers SFRH/BD/45273/2008 and SFRH/BD/48411/2008.