Less than a high school diploma
72%
Source
Peer reviewed?
Yes
Negrão, M., Pereira, M., Soares, I., & Mesman, J. (2014). Enhancing positive parent-child interactions and family functioning in a poverty sample: A randomized control trial. Attachment & Human Development, 16(4), 315-328.
Model(s) Reviewed
Funding Sources
This research was supported by Fundação Ciěncia e Tecnologia by Award Numbers SFRH/BD/45273/2008 and SFRH/BD/48411/2008.
Study Design
| Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Confounding factors | Valid, reliable measures? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Randomized controlled trial | Low | Not assessed for randomized controlled trials with low attrition |
No |
Yes, details reported below for findings on valid, reliable outcomes that otherwise rate at least moderate |
Study Participants
Families were eligible for this study if (1) at least one risk related to quality of family relations or quality of parenting was present on the Portuguese short version of the Family Risks and Strengths Profile, (2) they had a child between 1 and 4 years of age, and (3) children were Portuguese and living with their biological mother as primary caregiver. Families were randomly assigned after pretest to either the intervention (29) or comparison (26) group based on a computer-generated list. The analytic sample included 43 families, 22 families in the intervention group and 21 families in the comparison group. Outcomes were assessed approximately one month after the last home visit in the intervention or after the last phone call for the comparison group. The mean age of children was 29.1 months at enrollment and 35.3 months at follow up. The mean age of mothers was 30 years old. Family education level was low, with the majority of mothers and fathers not having completed the Portuguese mandatory education level. Most families (79 percent) received welfare assistance.
Setting
The study took place in the North of Portugal.
Home Visiting Services
The Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD) is a six session home visiting intervention for mothers of young children that uses a video-feedback technique to promote parental sensitivity and the use of positive discipline strategies. The first four intervention sessions took place in two-week intervals, and the last two sessions were scheduled one month apart. The first two sessions focus on building a relationship with the mother, focusing on child behavior, and emphasizing positive interactions in the video feedback. The second two sessions include working on actively improving mothers' parenting behaviors by focusing on strategies. The final two sessions aim to review previously presented information and feedback.
Comparison Conditions
Mothers in the comparison group received six telephone calls in parallel to when participants in the intervention group received the VIPP-SD sessions. Each researcher-led phone call lasted about 10 minutes and focused on a standard topic related to child development.
Were any subgroups examined?
No
Subgroups examined
There were no subgroups reported in this manuscript.
Study Participants
Families were eligible for this study if (1) at least one risk related to quality of family relations or quality of parenting was present on the Portuguese short version of the Family Risks and Strengths Profile, (2) they had a child between 1 and 4 years of age, and (3) children were Portuguese and living with their biological mother as primary caregiver. Families were randomly assigned after pretest to either the intervention (29) or comparison (26) group based on a computer-generated list. The analytic sample included 43 families, 22 families in the intervention group and 21 families in the comparison group. Outcomes were assessed approximately one month after the last home visit in the intervention or after the last phone call for the comparison group. The mean age of children was 29.1 months at enrollment and 35.3 months at follow up. The mean age of mothers was 30 years old. Family education level was low, with the majority of mothers and fathers not having completed the Portuguese mandatory education level. Most families (79 percent) received welfare assistance.
Setting
The study took place in the North of Portugal.
Home Visiting Services
The Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD) is a six session home visiting intervention for mothers of young children that uses a video-feedback technique to promote parental sensitivity and the use of positive discipline strategies. The first four intervention sessions took place in two-week intervals, and the last two sessions were scheduled one month apart. The first two sessions focus on building a relationship with the mother, focusing on child behavior, and emphasizing positive interactions in the video feedback. The second two sessions include working on actively improving mothers' parenting behaviors by focusing on strategies. The final two sessions aim to review previously presented information and feedback.
Comparison Conditions
Mothers in the comparison group received six telephone calls in parallel to when participants in the intervention group received the VIPP-SD sessions. Each researcher-led phone call lasted about 10 minutes and focused on a standard topic related to child development.
Were any subgroups examined?
No
Subgroups examined
There were no subgroups reported in this manuscript.
Findings that rate moderate or high in this manuscript
| Outcome measure | Timing of follow-up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect size (absolute value) | Stastical significance | Sample size | Sample description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Emotional Availability (EA) Scales: Positive parenting |
1 month after last home visit/telephone call |
High | 0.63 | Statistically significant, p= <.05 |
43 mother/child dyads | VIPP-SD vs. comparison, Portugal, full sample |
||
Emotional Availability (EA) Scales: Sensitivity |
1 month after last home visit/telephone call |
High | 0.42 | Not statistically significant, p= >.05 |
43 mother/child dyads | VIPP-SD vs. comparison, Portugal, full sample |
||
Emotional Availability (EA) Scales: Structuring |
1 month after last home visit/telephone call |
High | 0.38 | Not statistically significant, p= >.05 |
43 mother/child dyads | VIPP-SD vs. comparison, Portugal, full sample |
||
Emotional Availability (EA) Scales: Nonintrusiveness |
1 month after last home visit/telephone call |
High | 1.08 | Statistically significant, p= <.001 |
43 mother/child dyads | VIPP-SD vs. comparison, Portugal, full sample |
||
Emotional Availability (EA) Scales: Nonhostility |
1 month after last home visit/telephone call |
High | 0.24 | Not statistically significant, p= >.05 |
43 mother/child dyads | VIPP-SD vs. comparison, Portugal, full sample |
||
Family Environment Scale (FES): Family relational functioning |
1 month after last home visit/telephone call |
High | 0.57 | Statistically significant, p= <.05 |
43 mothers | VIPP-SD vs. comparison, Portugal, full sample |
||
Family Environment Scale (FES): Cohesion |
1 month after last home visit/telephone call |
High | 0.89 | Statistically significant, p= <.05 |
43 mothers | VIPP-SD vs. comparison, Portugal, full sample |
||
Family Environment Scale (FES): Expressiveness |
1 month after last home visit/telephone call |
High | 0.08 | Not statistically significant, p= >.05 |
43 mothers | VIPP-SD vs. comparison, Portugal, full sample |
||
Family Environment Scale (FES): Conflict |
1 month after last home visit/telephone call |
High | 0.43 | Not statistically significant, p= >.05 |
43 mothers | VIPP-SD vs. comparison, Portugal, full sample |
| Outcome measure | Timing of follow-up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect size (absolute value) | Stastical significance | Sample size | Sample description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Emotional Availability (EA) Scales: Positive child behavior |
1 month after last home visit/telephone call |
High | 0.72 | Statistically significant, p= <.05 |
43 mother/child dyads | VIPP-SD vs. comparison, Portugal, full sample |
||
Emotional Availability (EA) Scales: Child responsiveness |
1 month after last home visit/telephone call |
High | 0.76 | Statistically significant, p= <.05 |
43 mother/child dyads | VIPP-SD vs. comparison, Portugal, full sample |
||
Emotional Availability (EA) Scales: Child involvement |
1 month after last home visit/telephone call |
High | 0.64 | Statistically significant, p= <.05 |
43 mother/child dyads | VIPP-SD vs. comparison, Portugal, full sample |
This study included participants with the following characteristics at enrollment:
Race/Ethnicity
Maternal Education
Other Characteristics
This study included participants from the following locations:
- State not reported or international
International Locations
International (other)