Black or African American
63%
Source
Lind, T. (2017). Intervening to enhance emotion regulation: Early childhood adversity, parent-child mutual positive affect, and later child regulation capabilities (Publication No. 1972774602) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Delaware]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.
Model(s) Reviewed
Funding Sources
This research was supported by Award Number RO1MH074374 from the National Institute of Mental Health.
Study Design
| Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Confounding factors | Valid, reliable measures? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Randomized controlled trial | Low | Established on race/ethnicity and SES; outcomes not feasible to assess at baseline | None |
Notes
Information on attrition and baseline equivalence was based on correspondence with the author. In addition to the findings that received a high rating, findings assessed at age 8 received a moderate rating due to high attrition.
Study Participants
In this study, parent-child dyads were randomly assigned to ABC-Infant or a comparison group that also received home visits. The study recruited parents who had been referred to Child Protective Services for potential maltreatment of a child less than 24 months old and were still living with their child through a foster care diversion program. A total of 212 children were enrolled and randomized to the treatment and comparison groups. The analytic sample for this study was 107 parent-child dyads who participated in a follow-up assessment when the child was 24 months old and 81 who participated in a follow-up assessment when the child was 8 years old. Children were mostly African American (about 60 percent) and were an average of 9.9 months old at baseline. At baseline, most mothers in the study did not have a high school diploma (60 percent in the ABC-Infant group; 65 percent in the comparison group) and had household incomes less than $10,000 (68 percent ABC-Infant; 77 percent comparison). At the 24-month follow-up, the average age of mothers was 28.8 years old (ABC-Infant) and 26.7 years old (comparison group).
Setting
Philadelphia, PA
Home Visiting Services
ABC-Infant consisted of 10 weekly hour-long home visits. The sessions focused on five topic areas: providing nurturance, following the child’s lead, refraining from frightening behavior, parents recognizing the effect of their own childhood experiences on their parenting behavior, and learning the importance of touch and children’s emotions. Across all sessions, parent trainers engaged parents in structured activities with their children and then provided feedback on observations of participants’ parenting behavior, both in real-time and by playing back video recordings from the sessions.
Comparison Conditions
Comparison families received Developmental Education for Families (DEF) in home visits that were the same duration (10 hour-long sessions) and frequency (weekly) as ABC-Infant. DEF was designed to enhance cognitive and linguistic development. For this study, DEF was adapted to exclude components related to parental sensitivity.
Were any subgroups examined?
No
Study Participants
In this study, parent-child dyads were randomly assigned to ABC-Infant or a comparison group that also received home visits. The study recruited parents who had been referred to Child Protective Services for potential maltreatment of a child less than 24 months old and were still living with their child through a foster care diversion program. A total of 212 children were enrolled and randomized to the treatment and comparison groups. The analytic sample for this study was 107 parent-child dyads who participated in a follow-up assessment when the child was 24 months old and 81 who participated in a follow-up assessment when the child was 8 years old. Children were mostly African American (about 60 percent) and were an average of 9.9 months old at baseline. At baseline, most mothers in the study did not have a high school diploma (60 percent in the ABC-Infant group; 65 percent in the comparison group) and had household incomes less than $10,000 (68 percent ABC-Infant; 77 percent comparison). At the 24-month follow-up, the average age of mothers was 28.8 years old (ABC-Infant) and 26.7 years old (comparison group).
Setting
Philadelphia, PA
Home Visiting Services
ABC-Infant consisted of 10 weekly hour-long home visits. The sessions focused on five topic areas: providing nurturance, following the child’s lead, refraining from frightening behavior, parents recognizing the effect of their own childhood experiences on their parenting behavior, and learning the importance of touch and children’s emotions. Across all sessions, parent trainers engaged parents in structured activities with their children and then provided feedback on observations of participants’ parenting behavior, both in real-time and by playing back video recordings from the sessions.
Comparison Conditions
Comparison families received Developmental Education for Families (DEF) in home visits that were the same duration (10 hour-long sessions) and frequency (weekly) as ABC-Infant. DEF was designed to enhance cognitive and linguistic development. For this study, DEF was adapted to exclude components related to parental sensitivity.
Were any subgroups examined?
No
Findings that rate moderate or high in this manuscript
| Outcome measure | Timing of follow-up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect size (absolute value) | Stastical significance | Sample size | Sample description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D.O.T.S. Emotion Coding System - Parent-child mutual positive affect |
24 months of age |
High | 0.42 | Statistically significant, p= 0.03 |
107 parent/child dyads | ABC-Infant vs. DEF; Philadelphia |
||
D.O.T.S. Emotion Coding System - Parent-child mutual positive affect |
24 months of age |
High | 0.46 | Statistically significant, p= 0.02 |
107 parent/child dyads | ABC-Infant vs. DEF; Philadelphia |
| Outcome measure | Timing of follow-up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect size (absolute value) | Stastical significance | Sample size | Sample description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Emotion Regulation Checklist - Child positive emotion regulation |
Age 8 |
Moderate | 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.75 |
80 children | ABC-Infant vs. DEF; Philadelphia |
||
Emotion Regulation Checklist - Child positive emotion regulation |
Age 8 |
Moderate | 0.05 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.83 |
80 children | ABC-Infant vs. DEF; Philadelphia |
||
Emotion Regulation Checklist - Child positive emotion regulation |
Age 8 |
Moderate | 0.16 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.48 |
80 children | ABC-Infant vs. DEF; Philadelphia |
||
Emotion Regulation Checklist - Child positive emotion regulation |
Age 8 |
Moderate | 0.13 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.55 |
80 children | ABC-Infant vs. DEF; Philadelphia |
||
Emotion Regulation Checklist - Child emotion lability/negativity |
Age 8 |
Moderate | 0.10 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.67 |
80 children | ABC-Infant vs. DEF; Philadelphia |
||
Emotion Regulation Checklist - Child emotion lability/negativity |
Age 8 |
Moderate | 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.87 |
80 children | ABC-Infant vs. DEF; Philadelphia |
||
Emotion Regulation Checklist - Child emotion lability/negativity |
Age 8 |
Moderate | 0.08 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.73 |
80 children | ABC-Infant vs. DEF; Philadelphia |
||
Emotion Regulation Checklist - Child emotion lability/negativity |
Age 8 |
Moderate | 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.85 |
80 children | ABC-Infant vs. DEF; Philadelphia |
This study included participants with the following characteristics at enrollment:
Race/Ethnicity
Maternal Education
Other Characteristics
This study included participants from the following locations:
- Pennsylvania