Olds, D. L., Kitzman, H., Anson, E., Smith, J. A., Knudtson, M. D., Miller, T., Cole, R., Hopfer, C., & Conti, G. (2019). Prenatal and infancy nurse home visiting effects on mothers: 18-year follow-up of a randomized trial. Pediatrics, 144(6), 12. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-3889
Screening decision | Screening conclusion | HomVEE procedures and standards version |
---|---|---|
Passes screens | Eligible for review | Version 2 |
Rating | Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Compromised randomization | Confounding factors | Valid, reliable measure(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
High | Randomized controlled trial | Low | Not assessed for randomized controlled trials with low attrition |
No | No |
Yes |
Findings for math achievement measured at ages 6, 12, and 18 received a low rating because they did not meet the HomVEE reliability standards. Findings for nonverbal intelligence measured at ages 6 and 18, sustained attention measured at ages 12 and 18, working memory measured at age 18, risky decision making measured at age 18, and time to substance use disorder measured at age 18 received an indeterminate rating because HomVEE could not confirm the reliability of the measures. Information on sample sizes, reliability and validity of measures, and proportions for the impact estimates is based on correspondence with the authors.
Study participants | Participants were recruited from an obstetric and pediatric care clinic in Memphis, Tennessee. To be eligible, the participants had to be pregnant (< 29 weeks’ gestation), have no previous live births, and have at least two sociodemographic risk factors (unmarried, no high school diploma, or unemployed). They were randomized to either the Nurse-Family Partnership intervention (228 participants) or the comparison condition (514 participants). Children born to the participants who were randomized were included in the analyses in this manuscript (194 youth born to mothers in the intervention group and 435 youth born to mothers in the comparison group). Participants were in the study from the time of enrollment during pregnancy until the focal child was 24 months old. Outcomes were measured when youth were ages 6, 12, and 18. In the study, 92 percent of the participants were African American; at enrollment, 98 percent were unmarried, 64 percent were younger than 18 years of age, and 85 percent were from households with incomes below the federal poverty guideline. |
---|---|
Setting | The study took place in Memphis, Tennessee. |
Intervention services | As described in this manuscript, the Nurse-Family Partnership intervention consisted of prenatal and infancy home visits until the focal child was 24 months old. Participants also received free transportation for scheduled prenatal care. Children received developmental screening and referral at ages 6, 12, and 24 months. All participants received four weekly home visits at the beginning of the intervention to establish a relationship with the nurse. The initial visits focused on mothers’ aspirations, concerns about their prenatal health, the developing fetus, birth, and the challenges of caring for a newborn. To address individual needs revealed in the visits, nurses used their clinical judgment to adjust the dosage and content of the visit, and used telephone communications when in-person visits were not possible. Nurses completed an average of seven home visits during pregnancy and 26 visits during the first two years postpartum. All visits took place in the families’ homes. |
Comparison conditions | Participants assigned to the comparison condition were not eligible to receive home visits through Nurse-Family Partnership. They received free transportation for scheduled prenatal care. The children in the study received developmental screening and referral at ages 6, 12, and 24 months. |
Subgroups examined |
This field lists subgroups examined in the manuscript (even if they were not replicated in other samples and not reported on the summary page for this model’s report). • Mother has high psychological resources (yes or no) |
Funding sources | This research was supported by Award Number R01DA021624 from the National Institutes of Health. |
Author affiliation | The study authors are affiliated with the University of Rochester, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Pennsylvania State University, New York University, Columbia University, Brown University, Curtin University, and University College London. David Olds, one of the authors of the manuscript, is a developer of the Nurse-Family Partnership home visiting model. |
Peer reviewed | Yes |
Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00708695. Study registration was assessed by HomVEE for Clinicaltrials.gov beginning with the 2014 review, and for other registries beginning with the 2021 review.
Findings that rate moderate or high
Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
High | Months mother worked per year |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
2 years |
641 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 0.60 | Unadjusted mean = 0.47 | Mean difference = 0.13 | HomVEE calculated = 0.06 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.46 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Months mother worked per year |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
4.5 years |
646 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 1.98 | Unadjusted mean = 1.56 | Mean difference = 0.42 | HomVEE calculated = 0.11 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.19 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Months mother worked per year |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
6 years |
649 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 5.94 | Unadjusted mean = 5.99 | Mean difference = -0.05 | HomVEE calculated = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.89 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Months mother worked per year |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
9 years |
640 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 6.76 | Unadjusted mean = 7.33 | Mean difference = -0.57 | HomVEE calculated = -0.14 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.11 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Months mother worked per year |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
12 years |
642 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 7.09 | Unadjusted mean = 7.71 | Mean difference = -0.62 | HomVEE calculated = -0.14 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.11 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Months mother worked per year |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
18 years |
618 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 7.68 | Unadjusted mean = 7.98 | Mean difference = -0.30 | HomVEE calculated = -0.07 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.43 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Months mother's current spouse employed |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
18 years |
604 mothers | Adjusted mean = 39.62 | Adjusted mean = 25.66 | Mean difference = 13.96 | Study reported = 0.22 | Statistically significant, p= 0.01 |
Author-reported effect size is Cohen's d. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
12 years |
636 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 5.54 | Unadjusted mean = 5.84 | Mean difference = -0.30 | HomVEE calculated = -0.06 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.48 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
2 years |
643 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 9.74 | Unadjusted mean = 10.13 | Mean difference = -0.39 | HomVEE calculated = -0.12 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.16 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
2 years |
643 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 10.88 | Unadjusted mean = 11.16 | Mean difference = -0.28 | HomVEE calculated = -0.11 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.21 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
15 years |
636 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 3.68 | Unadjusted mean = 2.93 | Mean difference = 0.75 | HomVEE calculated = 0.16 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.07 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
5 years |
622 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 5.62 | Unadjusted mean = 5.75 | Mean difference = -0.13 | HomVEE calculated = -0.03 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.71 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
14 years |
634 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 6.76 | Unadjusted mean = 6.92 | Mean difference = -0.16 | HomVEE calculated = -0.03 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.72 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
7 years |
636 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 5.57 | Unadjusted mean = 6.16 | Mean difference = -0.59 | HomVEE calculated = -0.13 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.13 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
8 years |
634 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 7.21 | Unadjusted mean = 7.46 | Mean difference = -0.25 | HomVEE calculated = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.56 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
10 years |
636 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 3.94 | Unadjusted mean = 4.32 | Mean difference = -0.38 | HomVEE calculated = -0.07 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.38 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
18 years |
601 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 6.88 | Unadjusted mean = 6.69 | Mean difference = 0.19 | HomVEE calculated = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.67 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
13 years |
636 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 5.78 | Unadjusted mean = 6.12 | Mean difference = -0.34 | HomVEE calculated = -0.07 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.43 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
3 years |
643 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 9.96 | Unadjusted mean = 10.07 | Mean difference = -0.11 | HomVEE calculated = -0.03 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.69 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
3 years |
643 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 10.91 | Unadjusted mean = 11.06 | Mean difference = -0.15 | HomVEE calculated = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.53 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
16 years |
629 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 3.03 | Unadjusted mean = 2.70 | Mean difference = 0.33 | HomVEE calculated = 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.40 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
6 years |
641 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 4.94 | Unadjusted mean = 5.42 | Mean difference = -0.48 | HomVEE calculated = -0.09 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.31 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
15 years |
628 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 6.40 | Unadjusted mean = 6.75 | Mean difference = -0.35 | HomVEE calculated = -0.07 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.43 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
8 years |
636 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 4.98 | Unadjusted mean = 5.55 | Mean difference = -0.57 | HomVEE calculated = -0.12 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.15 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
10 years |
634 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 6.21 | Unadjusted mean = 6.69 | Mean difference = -0.48 | HomVEE calculated = -0.10 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.26 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
9 years |
634 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 7.00 | Unadjusted mean = 7.11 | Mean difference = -0.11 | HomVEE calculated = -0.02 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.80 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
11 years |
636 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 3.88 | Unadjusted mean = 4.14 | Mean difference = -0.26 | HomVEE calculated = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.55 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
1 year |
667 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 6.81 | Unadjusted mean = 7.24 | Mean difference = -0.43 | HomVEE calculated = -0.09 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.28 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
14 years |
636 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 6.10 | Unadjusted mean = 6.32 | Mean difference = -0.22 | HomVEE calculated = -0.04 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.61 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
4 years |
643 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 8.26 | Unadjusted mean = 8.95 | Mean difference = -0.69 | HomVEE calculated = -0.17 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
4 years |
643 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 10.83 | Unadjusted mean = 11.30 | Mean difference = -0.47 | HomVEE calculated = -0.18 | Statistically significant, p = 0.04 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
17 years |
606 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 2.77 | Unadjusted mean = 2.53 | Mean difference = 0.24 | HomVEE calculated = 0.05 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.53 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
7 years |
636 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 3.96 | Unadjusted mean = 4.17 | Mean difference = -0.21 | HomVEE calculated = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.60 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
16 years |
608 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 6.31 | Unadjusted mean = 6.59 | Mean difference = -0.28 | HomVEE calculated = -0.06 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.52 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
9 years |
636 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 4.81 | Unadjusted mean = 5.25 | Mean difference = -0.44 | HomVEE calculated = -0.10 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.25 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
11 years |
634 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 6.07 | Unadjusted mean = 6.78 | Mean difference = -0.71 | HomVEE calculated = -0.14 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.10 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
12 years |
636 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 4.16 | Unadjusted mean = 3.89 | Mean difference = 0.27 | HomVEE calculated = 0.05 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.54 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
2 years |
667 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 7.37 | Unadjusted mean = 8.10 | Mean difference = -0.73 | HomVEE calculated = -0.16 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.06 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
15 years |
636 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 5.72 | Unadjusted mean = 5.97 | Mean difference = -0.25 | HomVEE calculated = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.55 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
5 years |
619 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 6.66 | Unadjusted mean = 7.44 | Mean difference = -0.78 | HomVEE calculated = -0.19 | Statistically significant, p = 0.03 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
5 years |
619 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 9.11 | Unadjusted mean = 9.78 | Mean difference = -0.67 | HomVEE calculated = -0.22 | Statistically significant, p = 0.01 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
18 years |
601 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 2.18 | Unadjusted mean = 2.24 | Mean difference = -0.06 | HomVEE calculated = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.87 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
17 years |
603 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 6.80 | Unadjusted mean = 6.90 | Mean difference = -0.10 | HomVEE calculated = -0.02 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.83 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
10 years |
636 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 4.15 | Unadjusted mean = 5.07 | Mean difference = -0.92 | HomVEE calculated = -0.21 | Statistically significant, p = 0.01 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
13 years |
636 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 4.01 | Unadjusted mean = 3.77 | Mean difference = 0.24 | HomVEE calculated = 0.05 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.59 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
3 years |
667 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 8.00 | Unadjusted mean = 8.36 | Mean difference = -0.36 | HomVEE calculated = -0.08 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.35 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
12 years |
634 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 6.99 | Unadjusted mean = 7.06 | Mean difference = -0.07 | HomVEE calculated = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.88 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
6 years |
641 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 9.04 | Unadjusted mean = 9.61 | Mean difference = -0.57 | HomVEE calculated = -0.12 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.14 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
8 years |
636 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 4.54 | Unadjusted mean = 4.45 | Mean difference = 0.09 | HomVEE calculated = 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.84 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
16 years |
629 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 5.58 | Unadjusted mean = 5.61 | Mean difference = -0.03 | HomVEE calculated = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.94 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
11 years |
636 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 4.57 | Unadjusted mean = 5.45 | Mean difference = -0.88 | HomVEE calculated = -0.19 | Statistically significant, p = 0.03 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
1 year |
643 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 9.32 | Unadjusted mean = 9.37 | Mean difference = -0.05 | HomVEE calculated = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.88 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
1 year |
643 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 11.03 | Unadjusted mean = 11.32 | Mean difference = -0.29 | HomVEE calculated = -0.12 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.15 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
18 years |
603 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 6.50 | Unadjusted mean = 6.95 | Mean difference = -0.45 | HomVEE calculated = -0.08 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.34 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
14 years |
636 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 3.71 | Unadjusted mean = 3.68 | Mean difference = 0.03 | HomVEE calculated = 0.01 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.95 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
4 years |
667 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 6.05 | Unadjusted mean = 7.23 | Mean difference = -1.18 | HomVEE calculated = -0.27 | Statistically significant, p = 0.00 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
13 years |
634 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 6.57 | Unadjusted mean = 6.78 | Mean difference = -0.21 | HomVEE calculated = -0.04 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.64 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
6 years |
641 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 6.42 | Unadjusted mean = 7.28 | Mean difference = -0.86 | HomVEE calculated = -0.16 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.07 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
7 years |
634 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 7.32 | Unadjusted mean = 7.60 | Mean difference = -0.28 | HomVEE calculated = -0.06 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.50 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
9 years |
636 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 4.23 | Unadjusted mean = 4.31 | Mean difference = -0.08 | HomVEE calculated = -0.02 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.86 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Supplemental NutritionAssistance Program (SNAP) - Number of months using the service/benefit |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
17 years |
606 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 6.17 | Unadjusted mean = 6.01 | Mean difference = 0.16 | HomVEE calculated = 0.03 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.71 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
High | Beck Anxiety Screening Inventory, clinical or borderline threshold |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
18 years |
617 mothers | Adjusted proportion = 0.09 | Adjusted proportion = 0.10 | Odds ratio = 0.94 | HomVEE calculated = -0.04 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.82 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. |
High | Beck Depression Screening Inventory, Maternal depression, clinical or borderline threshold |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
18 years |
617 mothers | Adjusted proportion = 0.09 | Adjusted proportion = 0.08 | Odds ratio = 1.12 | HomVEE calculated = 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.72 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. |
High | Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI), current substance use |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
18 years |
617 mothers | Adjusted proportion = 0.24 | Adjusted proportion = 0.27 | Odds ratio = 0.87 | HomVEE calculated = -0.08 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.49 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated the effect size based on the study-reported odds ratio. |
High | Mothers' subsequent births |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
13 years |
629 mothers | Adjusted mean = 1.94 | Adjusted mean = 2.00 | Mean difference = -0.06 | HomVEE calculated = -0.04 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.64 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Mothers' subsequent births |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
8 years |
658 mothers | Adjusted mean = 1.41 | Adjusted mean = 1.54 | Mean difference = -0.13 | HomVEE calculated = -0.12 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.17 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Mothers' subsequent births |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
3 years |
681 mothers | Adjusted mean = 0.39 | Adjusted mean = 0.53 | Mean difference = -0.14 | HomVEE calculated = -0.25 | Statistically significant, p = 0.00 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Mothers' subsequent births |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
14 years |
618 mothers | Adjusted mean = 1.99 | Adjusted mean = 2.05 | Mean difference = -0.06 | HomVEE calculated = -0.04 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.65 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Mothers' subsequent births |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
9 years |
658 mothers | Adjusted mean = 1.55 | Adjusted mean = 1.65 | Mean difference = -0.10 | HomVEE calculated = -0.08 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.32 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Mothers' subsequent births |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
4 years |
681 mothers | Adjusted mean = 0.62 | Adjusted mean = 0.78 | Mean difference = -0.16 | HomVEE calculated = -0.24 | Statistically significant, p = 0.00 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Mothers' subsequent births |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
15 years |
618 mothers | Adjusted mean = 2.03 | Adjusted mean = 2.09 | Mean difference = -0.06 | HomVEE calculated = -0.04 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.66 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Mothers' subsequent births |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
10 years |
645 mothers | Adjusted mean = 1.68 | Adjusted mean = 1.74 | Mean difference = -0.06 | HomVEE calculated = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.58 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Mothers' subsequent births |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
5 years |
670 mothers | Adjusted mean = 0.83 | Adjusted mean = 1.00 | Mean difference = -0.17 | HomVEE calculated = -0.22 | Statistically significant, p = 0.01 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Mothers' subsequent births |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
16 years |
618 mothers | Adjusted mean = 2.07 | Adjusted mean = 2.13 | Mean difference = -0.06 | HomVEE calculated = -0.04 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.67 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Mothers' subsequent births |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
11 years |
643 mothers | Adjusted mean = 1.78 | Adjusted mean = 1.85 | Mean difference = -0.07 | HomVEE calculated = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.54 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Mothers' subsequent births |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
6 years |
668 mothers | Adjusted mean = 1.05 | Adjusted mean = 1.20 | Mean difference = -0.15 | HomVEE calculated = -0.17 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Mothers' subsequent births |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
1 year |
694 mothers | Adjusted mean = 0.00 | Adjusted mean = 0.04 | Mean difference = -0.04 | HomVEE calculated = -0.30 | Statistically significant, p = 0.00 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Mothers' subsequent births |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
17 years |
618 mothers | Adjusted mean = 2.09 | Adjusted mean = 2.17 | Mean difference = -0.08 | HomVEE calculated = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.57 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Mothers' subsequent births |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
12 years |
643 mothers | Adjusted mean = 1.87 | Adjusted mean = 1.93 | Mean difference = -0.06 | HomVEE calculated = -0.04 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.62 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Mothers' subsequent births |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
7 years |
660 mothers | Adjusted mean = 1.23 | Adjusted mean = 1.38 | Mean difference = -0.15 | HomVEE calculated = -0.15 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.08 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Mothers' subsequent births |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
2 years |
686 mothers | Adjusted mean = 0.15 | Adjusted mean = 0.24 | Mean difference = -0.09 | HomVEE calculated = -0.25 | Statistically significant, p = 0.00 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Mothers' subsequent births |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
18 years |
574 mothers | Adjusted mean = 2.12 | Adjusted mean = 2.21 | Mean difference = -0.09 | HomVEE calculated = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.54 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Pearlin Mastery Scale |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
6 years |
635 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 100.26 | Unadjusted mean = 99.87 | Mean difference = 0.39 | HomVEE calculated = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.65 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Pearlin Mastery Scale |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
9 years |
625 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 100.37 | Unadjusted mean = 99.83 | Mean difference = 0.54 | HomVEE calculated = 0.05 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.53 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Pearlin Mastery Scale |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
12 years |
582 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 100.59 | Unadjusted mean = 99.71 | Mean difference = 0.88 | HomVEE calculated = 0.09 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.32 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Pearlin Mastery Scale |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
36th week of pregnancy |
657 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 101.00 | Unadjusted mean = 99.56 | Mean difference = 1.44 | HomVEE calculated = 0.14 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.09 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Pearlin Mastery Scale |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
18 years |
616 mothers | Adjusted proportion = 100.74 | Adjusted proportion = 99.69 | Mean difference = 1.05 | Study reported = 1.98 | Not statistically significant, p= 0.19 |
|
High | Pearlin Mastery Scale |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
6 months |
666 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 100.47 | Unadjusted mean = 99.82 | Mean difference = 0.65 | HomVEE calculated = 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.44 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
High | Pearlin Mastery Scale |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
NFP vs. Resource referral RCT, Memphis TN, 1990-2015, full sample |
2 years |
670 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 101.28 | Unadjusted mean = 99.41 | Mean difference = 1.87 | HomVEE calculated = 0.19 | Statistically significant, p = 0.03 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |