Black or African American
34%
Peer reviewed?
No
Knox, V., & Michalopoulos, C. (2023). Mother and Infant Home Visiting Program Evaluation (MIHOPE), United States, 2012-2019. MIHOPE Model Results Documentation [Study 1, EHS contrast]. Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR37848.v3.
Screening Conclusion
Eligible for review
Model(s) Reviewed
Study Registration
Funding Sources
This research was supported by the Administration for Children and Families, and funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services under a competitive award, Contract No. HHS-HHSP23320095644WC.
Study Design
| Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Confounding factors | Valid, reliable measures? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Randomized controlled trial | Low | Not assessed for randomized controlled trials with low attrition |
No |
Yes |
Notes
The Mother and Infant Home Visiting Program Evaluation (MIHOPE) included four evidence-based home visiting models; this review focuses on Early Head Start (EHS) and the findings in Knox & Michalopoulos, 2023. HomVEE has reviewed additional analyses from the MIHOPE evaluation under Michalopoulos et al., 2019. Some findings about the child’s weight received a low rating because they had high attrition and did not satisfy the baseline equivalence requirement. Some findings about the mother’s health, parenting practices, the child’s food security and attitudes toward the parent received an indeterminate rating because HomVEE could not assess whether the measures were reliable according to HomVEE standards. Information on sample sizes and reliability of the measures, along with information necessary to demonstrate baseline equivalence of the intervention and comparison groups, is based on correspondence with the authors.
Findings that rate moderate or high in this manuscript
Child Development and School Readiness
| Outcome Measure | Timing of Follow-Up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect Size (Absolute Value) | Stastical Significance | Sample Size | Sample Description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brief Infant Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA), Total competence score | 15-month follow-up | High | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 468 children | EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample | |||
| Received any early intervention services (%) | 15-month follow-up | High | 0.06 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 463 mothers | EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample | ||
| Use of nonparental child care | 15-month follow-up | High | 0.18 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 455 children | EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample |
Child Health
| Outcome Measure | Timing of Follow-Up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect Size (Absolute Value) | Stastical Significance | Sample Size | Sample Description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any Medicaid-paid nonbirth hospitalizations | 15-month follow-up | High | 0.25 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 537 children | EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample | ||
| Number of Medicaid-paid immunizations | 15-month follow-up | High | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 445 children | EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample | |||
| Primary care provider for the child (%) | 15-month follow-up | High | 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 474 children | EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample |
Family Economic Self-Sufficiency
| Outcome Measure | Timing of Follow-Up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect Size (Absolute Value) | Stastical Significance | Sample Size | Sample Description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health insurance coverage for the mother | 15-month follow-up | High | 0.10 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 540 mothers | EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample | ||
| Received any transportation services | 15-month follow-up | High | 0.24 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 457 mothers | EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample | ||
| Received disability insurance during the past month | 15-month follow-up | High | 0.01 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 458 children | EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample | ||
| Received SNAP during the past month | 15-month follow-up | High | 0.08 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 458 children | EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample | ||
| Received TANF during the past month | 15-month follow-up | High | 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 457 children | EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample | ||
| Received WIC during the past month | 15-month follow-up | High | 0.16 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 458 children | EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample |
Maternal Health
| Outcome Measure | Timing of Follow-Up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect Size (Absolute Value) | Stastical Significance | Sample Size | Sample Description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current smoker | 15-month follow-up | High | 0.22 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 457 mothers | EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample | ||
| Parenting Stress Index - Short Form (PSI-SF), Parent-child dysfunctional interaction | 15-month follow-up | High | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 460 mothers | EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample | |||
| Parenting Stress Index - Short Form (PSI-SF), Parental distress | 15-month follow-up | High | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 460 mothers | EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample | |||
| Received any behavioral health services | 15-month follow-up | High | 0.26 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 456 mothers | EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample | ||
| Substance use during the past three months | 15-month follow-up | High | 0.13 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 453 mothers | EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample |
Reductions In Child Maltreatment
| Outcome Measure | Timing of Follow-Up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect Size (Absolute Value) | Stastical Significance | Sample Size | Sample Description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any substantiated maltreatment report | 15-month follow-up | High | 0.08 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 544 mothers | EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample | ||
| Loss of custody | 15-month follow-up | High | 0.17 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 416 mothers | EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample |
Reductions in Juvenile Delinquency, Family Violence, and Crime
| Outcome Measure | Timing of Follow-Up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect Size (Absolute Value) | Stastical Significance | Sample Size | Sample Description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Received any domestic violence services | 15-month follow-up | High | 0.08 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 457 mothers | EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample | ||
| Received any services from a domestic violence shelter | 15-month follow-up | High | 0.53 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 457 mothers | EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample | ||
| Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2), Maternal experience with physical or sexual violence | 15-month follow-up | High | 0.31 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 456 mothers | EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample | ||
| Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2), Maternal perpetration of physical violence | 15-month follow-up | High | 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 456 mothers | EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample | ||
| Women's Experience with Battering (WEB) Scale | 15-month follow-up | High | 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 452 mothers | EHS-HBO vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE); 2012-2014, full sample |
This study included participants from the following locations:
- California
- Georgia
- Illinois
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Michigan
- Nevada
- New Jersey
- Pennsylvania
- South Carolina
- Washington
- Wisconsin
Study Participants
The Mother and Infant Home Visiting Program Evaluation (MIHOPE) is a national evaluation of the Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) Program. MIHOPE study participants were recruited from 2012 to 2015. Participants were eligible for the MIHOPE evaluation if they were pregnant or had children younger than 6 months old, were age 15 or older at enrollment, spoke English or Spanish proficiently, and met the relevant eligibility criteria for the local home visiting model. A total of 573 participants were recruited for the study in Early Head Start – Home Based (EHS–HBO) programs and randomly assigned to either the EHS–HBO intervention group (285 participants) or the comparison condition (288 participants). Up to 535 participants recruited for the study through EHS–HBO and one focal child each were included in the analyses: 264 in EHS–HBO and 271 in the comparison group. Outcomes were measured when the focal child was 15 months old. For the MIHOPE participants recruited through EHS–HBO programs, 17 percent of mothers were of Mexican origin, 7 percent were another Hispanic ethnicity, 31 percent were non-Hispanic White, 34 percent were non-Hispanic Black, and 11 percent identified as another race. Thirty-eight percent of mothers did not have a high school diploma at study enrollment. At enrollment, the average age of participating mothers recruited through EHS–HBO programs was 25.
Setting
The study took place in 12 states: California, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Washington, and Wisconsin. The study selected 19 local program affiliates that operated EHS–HBO and met program eligibility criteria.
Intervention condition
Note: Navigate to the model page for more information about the home visiting model. See the source manuscript for more information about how the model was implemented in this study.
Comparison Conditions
Families assigned to the comparison condition were not eligible to enroll in the Early Head Start–Home-based option. They could receive other services available in the community.
Were any subgroups examined?
No
Subgroups examined
• Pregnancy status (pregnant or not pregnant at study enrollment)