Black or African American
24%
Source
Peer reviewed?
No
Knox, V., & Michalopoulos, C. (2023). Mother and Infant Home Visiting Program Evaluation (MIHOPE), United States, 2012-2019. MIHOPE Model Results Documentation [Study 3-NFP contrast]. Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR37848.v3.
Model(s) Reviewed
Note: Navigate to model page for more information about the home visiting model. See the study manuscript for more information about how the model was implemented in this study.
Study Registration
Funding Sources
This research was supported by the Administration for Children and Families, funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services under a competitive award, Contract No. HHS-HHSP23320095644WC.
Study Design
| Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Confounding factors | Valid, reliable measures? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Randomized controlled trial | Low | Not assessed for randomized controlled trials with low attrition |
No |
Yes |
Notes
The Mother and Infant Home Visiting Program Evaluation included four evidence-based home visiting models; this review focuses on Nurse-Family Partnership and the findings in Knox & Michalopoulos, 2023. HomVEE has reviewed additional analyses from the MIHOPE evaluation under Michalopoulos et al., 2019. Findings for maternal health status and depression; food insecurity; parental unsupportiveness, engagement, and discipline; awareness of health and safety hazards; several findings related to child behavior; and one child maltreatment outcome related to physical abuse received a rating of indeterminate because HomVEE could not assess whether the measures were reliable according to HomVEE standards. One finding, any report of child maltreatment, was ineligible for review because HomVEE does not review unsubstantiated reports of child maltreatment. Information on sample sizes and reliability and validity of measures, along with information necessary to demonstrate equivalence of the intervention and comparison groups, is based on correspondence with the authors.
Study Participants
The Mother and Infant Home Visiting Program Evaluation (MIHOPE) is a national evaluation of the Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) Program. MIHOPE study participants were recruited from 2012 to 2015. Participants were eligible for the MIHOPE evaluation if they were pregnant or had children younger than 6 months old, were age 15 or older at enrollment, spoke English or Spanish proficiently, and met the relevant eligibility criteria for the local home visiting model. A total of 1,235 participants were recruited for the study in Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) programs and randomly assigned to either the NFP home visiting intervention group (615 participants) or the comparison condition (620 participants). Up to 1,176 participants recruited for the study through NFP programs were included in the analyses: 585 in NFP and 591 in the comparison group. Similarly, up to 1,105 children of these participants were included in the analyses: 551 in NFP and 554 in the comparison group. Outcomes were measured when the study children were 15 months old. For the MIHOPE participants recruited through NFP programs, 30 percent of participants were of Mexican origin, 18 percent were another Hispanic ethnicity, 17 percent were White, 24 percent were Black, and 10 percent were another race. Forty-one percent had less than a high school diploma at study entry. At enrollment, the average age of participants recruited through HFA programs was 21.
Setting
The study took place in 12 states: California, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Washington, and Wisconsin. The evaluation selected 22 local program affiliates that operated Nurse-Family Partnership and met program eligibility criteria.
Home Visiting Services
As described in this manuscript, the Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) intervention consists of activities designed to help participants obtain prenatal care, improve their diets, reduce their use of harmful substances, provide responsible and competent care for their children, plan future pregnancies, continue their education, and find work. The content and delivery of NFP vary, with flexibility of the visit, content, and frequency based on families’ strengths, risks, and needs. Participants enroll in NFP when they are no more than 28 weeks pregnant. The manuscript does not provide additional information on the NFP programs in the study, including the intensity or length of services offered to participating families.
Model(s) Reviewed
Note: Navigate to model page for more information about the home visiting model. See the study manuscript for more information about how the model was implemented in this study.
Comparison Conditions
Participants assigned to the comparison group were not eligible to receive Nurse-Family Partnership services. They received information about other appropriate services in their local community.
Were any subgroups examined?
No
Subgroups examined
There were no subgroups reported in this manuscript.
Findings that rate moderate or high in this manuscript
Family economic self-sufficiency
| Outcome measure | Timing of follow-up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect size (absolute value) | Stastical significance | Sample size | Sample description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Health insurance coverage for the mother |
15-month follow-up |
High | 0.06 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
1176 mothers | NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample |
||
Received SNAP during the past month |
15-month follow-up |
High | 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
906 children | NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample |
||
Received disability insurance during the past month |
15-month follow-up |
High | 0.06 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
905 children | NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample |
||
Received TANF during the past month |
15-month follow-up |
High | 0.03 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
905 children | NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample |
||
Received WIC during the past month |
15-month follow-up |
High | 0.01 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
909 children | NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample |
||
Received any transportation services |
15-month follow-up |
High | 0.35 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
906 mothers | NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample |
Maternal health
| Outcome measure | Timing of follow-up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect size (absolute value) | Stastical significance | Sample size | Sample description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Current smoker |
15-month follow-up |
High | 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
907 mothers | NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample |
||
Substance use during the past three months |
15-month follow-up |
High | 0.27 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
908 mothers | NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample |
||
Received any behavioral health services |
15-month follow-up |
High | 0.06 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
906 mothers | NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample |
||
Parenting Stress Index - Short Form (PSI-SF), parental distress |
15-month follow-up |
High | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
917 mothers | NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample |
|||
Parenting Stress Index - Short Form (PSI-SF), parent-child dysfunctional interaction |
15-month follow-up |
High | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
914 mothers | NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample |
Child development and school readiness
| Outcome measure | Timing of follow-up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect size (absolute value) | Stastical significance | Sample size | Sample description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Use of nonparental child care |
15-month follow-up |
High | 0.12 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
905 children | NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample |
||
Brief Infant Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA), total competence score |
15-month follow-up |
High | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
932 children | NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample |
|||
Received any early intervention services (%) |
15-month follow-up |
High | 0.05 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
910 mothers | NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample |
Reductions in juvenile delinquency, family violence, and crime
| Outcome measure | Timing of follow-up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect size (absolute value) | Stastical significance | Sample size | Sample description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2), maternal perpetration of physical violence |
15-month follow-up |
High | 0.25 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
903 mothers | NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample |
||
Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2), maternal experience with physical or sexual violence |
15-month follow-up |
High | 0.52 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
904 mothers | NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample |
||
Women's Experiences with Battering Scale (WEB) |
15-month follow-up |
High | 0.10 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
898 mothers | NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample |
||
Received any domestic violence services |
15-month follow-up |
High | 0.49 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
908 mothers | NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample |
||
Received any services from a domestic violence shelter |
15-month follow-up |
High | 0.34 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
906 mothers | NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample |
Reductions in child maltreatment
| Outcome measure | Timing of follow-up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect size (absolute value) | Stastical significance | Sample size | Sample description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Any substantiated maltreatment report |
15-month follow-up |
High | 0.30 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
1157 mothers | NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample |
||
Loss of custody |
15-month follow-up |
High | 0.08 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
1039 mothers | NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample |
Child health
| Outcome measure | Timing of follow-up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect size (absolute value) | Stastical significance | Sample size | Sample description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary care provider for the child (%) |
15-month follow-up |
High | 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
939 children | NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample |
||
Number of Medicaid-paid immunizations |
15-month follow-up |
High | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
895 children | NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample |
|||
Any Medicaid-paid nonbirth hospitalizations |
15-month follow-up |
High | 0.26 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
1105 children | NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample |
||
Underweight (%) |
15-month follow-up |
High | 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
747 children | NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample |
||
Normal weight (%) |
15-month follow-up |
High | 0.13 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
747 children | NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample |
||
At risk of being overweight (%) |
15-month follow-up |
High | 0.13 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
747 children | NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample |
||
Duration of breastfeeding |
15-month follow-up |
High | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
918 children | NFP vs. Resource referral RCT (MIHOPE), 2012-2015, United States,full sample |
This study included participants with the following characteristics at enrollment:
Race/Ethnicity
Maternal Education
Other Characteristics
This study included participants from the following locations:
- California
- Georgia
- Illinois
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Michigan
- Nevada
- New Jersey
- Pennsylvania
- South Carolina
- Washington
- Wisconsin