Black or African American
21%
McCombs-Thornton, K., Wang, Y., & Sturmfels, N. (2023). Parents as Teachers Family Outcomes: New Insights from the Mother and Infant Home Visiting Program Evaluation (MIHOPE). Parents as Teachers National Center. https://parentsasteachers.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/PAT-Family-Out…
Outcome Measure | Timing of Follow-Up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect Size (Absolute Value) | Stastical Significance | Sample Size | Sample Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Any substantiated maltreatment report (%) | 15-month follow-up | Moderate | 0.10 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | 440 families | PAT (at least 3 months of home visits) vs. matched comparison group, MIHOPE, 2012-2015, United States, full sample |
This study included participants from the following locations:
Researchers recruited families from 21 local Parents as Teachers programs in 12 U.S. states: California, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Washington, and Wisconsin. The programs mainly operated in metropolitan areas.
Note: Navigate to the model page for more information about the home visiting model. See the source manuscript for more information about how the model was implemented in this study.
Women assigned to the comparison group were not eligible to receive PAT services. They received information about other services in their local community.
This research was supported by the Parents as Teachers National Center, Inc.
Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Confounding factors? | Valid, reliable measures? |
---|---|---|---|---|
Non-experimental comparison group design | Not applicable |
Established on race/ethnicity and SES; outcome(s) not feasible to assess at baseline |
No |
Yes |
The Mother and Infant Home Visiting Program Evaluation (MIHOPE) was a national evaluation of the Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) Program. MIHOPE included four evidence-based home visiting models. This review focuses on Parents as Teachers (PAT) and the findings in McCombs-Thornton et al. (2023), which were secondary analyses of the MIHOPE data. HomVEE has reviewed additional analyses from the MIHOPE evaluation under Knox & Michalopoulos (2023) and Michalopoulos et al. (2019).
Most findings in the manuscript (a total of 60, across various domains) received an indeterminate rating because HomVEE was unable to determine whether the intervention and comparison groups were equivalent on race or ethnicity and socioeconomic status in the analyzed sample at baseline. Two measures rated low because they did not satisfy HomVEE reliability requirements: the Brief Infant Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA), Total competence score; and the Infant-Toddler Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME), Parental lack of hostility scale. The analysis of one measure (mother receiving education or training) imputed missing pre-intervention measures of the outcome using an indicator approach, which is not an acceptable missing data approach for a non-experimental comparison group design under HomVEE standards.