American Indian or Alaska Native
1%
Hernandez Acton, E., Kubiniec, E., Bhargava, S., Tauriello, S., Paul, I. M., Savage, J. S., & Anzman-Frasca, S. (2025). INSIGHT responsive parenting intervention effects on child self-regulation at ages 3 and 6 years. Developmental Psychology, 61(8), 1413-1426. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001839
Peer Reviewed
Study Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov
Child Development and School Readiness
| Outcome Measure | Timing of Follow-Up | Rating | Direction of Effect | Effect Size (Absolute Value) | Statistical Significance | Sample Size | Sample Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Children’s Behavior Questionnaire–Very Short Form (CBQ-VSF), Surgency | 3 years old | High | 0.42 | Statistically significant, p= 0.04 | 218 children | INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample |
This study included participants from the following locations:
- Pennsylvania
Study Participants
- Study participants were first-time mothers and their infants, recruited from a maternity ward.
- At enrollment, the average age of mothers was 29.
- A total of 291 pairs were randomly assigned to the intervention group (145 pairs) or the comparison group (146 pairs). Random assignment took place 10 to 14 days after birth.
- Outcomes were measured when children were ages 3 and 6.
Setting
The study took place in Hershey, Pennsylvania.
Intervention condition
Note: Navigate to the model page for more information about the home visiting model. See the source manuscript for more information about how the model was implemented in this study.
Comparison Conditions
- The comparison group received a child safety intervention with age-appropriate safety guidance including information on preventing sudden infant death syndrome; storing breast milk and preparing formula; and safe bathing practices.
- The comparison intervention was delivered through a similar number of home visits, and at similar times, as the INSIGHT intervention.
Subgroups examined
• Boys • Girls
Funding Sources
This research was supported by Award Number R01DK088244 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
Study design characteristics contributing to rating
| Design | Random assignment compromised? | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Confounding factors? | Valid, reliable measures? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Randomized controlled trial | No | Low |
Not assessed for randomized controlled trials with low attrition |
No |
Yes |
Notes from the review of this manuscript
Findings from the adapted marshmallow test received a low rating because they had high attrition and not meet the baseline equivalence requirement. In addition, findings from the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire–Very Short Form for negative affect and effortful control did not meet HomVEE’s reliability standards. The internal consistency values reported for those measures were below HomVEE’s minimum threshold. The outcomes measured at age 6 were not eligible for HomVEE review because the analyses control for outcomes measured at age 3 (36 months), which may have been affected by the home visiting intervention delivered to mothers and children through 30 months of age. Information on baseline equivalence was obtained through correspondence with one of the manuscript’s authors. This manuscript reports findings from the INSIGHT Study. HomVEE reports additional findings from this study under Adams et al., (2019), Anzman-Frasca et al. (2018), Paul et al. (2025), Paul et al. (2018), Paul et al. (2016), and Tauriello et al. (2023).