High |
Comments |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
PALS I |
3 months after program end |
166 mother/child dyads |
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) coefficient = -0.23 |
Not applicable |
Not reported |
Not available |
Not statistically significant, p = 0.51 |
|
High |
General verbal support |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
PALS I |
3 months after program end |
166 mother/child dyads |
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) coefficient = -0.48 |
Not applicable |
Not reported |
Not available |
Not statistically significant, p = 0.59 |
|
High |
Language facilitation |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
PALS I |
3 months after program end |
166 mother/child dyads |
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) coefficient = -0.11 |
Not applicable |
Not reported |
Not available |
Not statistically significant, p = 0.41 |
|
High |
Open prompts |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
PALS I |
3 months after program end |
166 mother/child dyads |
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) coefficient = 0.02 |
Not applicable |
Not reported |
Not available |
Not statistically significant, p = 0.87 |
|
High |
Percent time only reading text |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
PALS I |
3 months after program end |
166 mother/child dyads |
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) coefficient = 0.30 |
Not applicable |
Not reported |
Not available |
Not statistically significant, p = 0.26 |
|
High |
Praise and encourage |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
PALS I |
3 months after program end |
166 mother/child dyads |
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) coefficient = -0.12 |
Not applicable |
Not reported |
Not available |
Not statistically significant, p = 0.51 |
|
High |
Responsiveness |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
PALS I |
3 months after program end |
166 mother/child dyads |
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) coefficient = 0.02 |
Not applicable |
Not reported |
Not available |
Not statistically significant, p = 0.35 |
|
High |
Comments |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
PALS I*PALS II |
3 months after program end |
166 mother/child dyads |
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) coefficient = -0.14 |
Not applicable |
Not reported |
Not available |
Not statistically significant, p = 0.87 |
|
High |
General verbal support |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
PALS I*PALS II |
3 months after program end |
166 mother/child dyads |
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) coefficient = 0.44 |
Not applicable |
Not reported |
Not available |
Not statistically significant, p = 0.89 |
|
High |
Language facilitation |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
PALS I*PALS II |
3 months after program end |
166 mother/child dyads |
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) coefficient = 0.10 |
Not applicable |
Not reported |
Not available |
Statistically significant, p = 0.03 |
|
High |
Open prompts |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
PALS I*PALS II |
3 months after program end |
166 mother/child dyads |
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) coefficient = 0.24 |
Not applicable |
Not reported |
Study reported = 0.38 |
Statistically significant, p = 0.03 |
|
High |
Percent time only reading text |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
PALS I*PALS II |
3 months after program end |
166 mother/child dyads |
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) coefficient = 0.12 |
Not applicable |
Not reported |
Not available |
Not statistically significant, p = 0.26 |
|
High |
Praise and encourage |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
PALS I*PALS II |
3 months after program end |
166 mother/child dyads |
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) coefficient = -0.14 |
Not applicable |
Not reported |
Not available |
Not statistically significant, p > 0.05 |
|
High |
Responsiveness |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
PALS I*PALS II |
3 months after program end |
166 mother/child dyads |
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) coefficient = 0.24 |
Not applicable |
Not reported |
Not available |
Not statistically significant, p = 0.08 |
|
High |
Comments |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
PALS II |
3 months after program end |
166 mother/child dyads |
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) coefficient = -0.24 |
Not applicable |
Not reported |
Not available |
Not statistically significant, p = 0.98 |
|
High |
General verbal support |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
PALS II |
3 months after program end |
166 mother/child dyads |
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) coefficient = -0.77 |
Not applicable |
Not reported |
Not available |
Not statistically significant, p = 0.96 |
|
High |
Language facilitation |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
PALS II |
3 months after program end |
166 mother/child dyads |
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) coefficient = -0.47 |
Not applicable |
Not reported |
Not available |
Not statistically significant, p = 0.13 |
|
High |
Open prompts |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
PALS II |
3 months after program end |
166 mother/child dyads |
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) coefficient = -0.53 |
Not applicable |
Not reported |
Not available |
Not statistically significant, p = 0.27 |
|
High |
Percent time only reading text |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
PALS II |
3 months after program end |
166 mother/child dyads |
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) coefficient = 0.44 |
Not applicable |
Not reported |
Not available |
Not statistically significant, p = 0.07 |
|
High |
Praise and encourage |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
PALS II |
3 months after program end |
166 mother/child dyads |
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) coefficient = 0.19 |
Not applicable |
Not reported |
Not available |
Not statistically significant, p = 0.46 |
|
High |
Responsiveness |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
PALS II |
3 months after program end |
166 mother/child dyads |
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) coefficient = -0.53 |
Not applicable |
Not reported |
Not available |
Not statistically significant, p = 0.22 |
|