Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up (ABC) -Infant

Model effectiveness research report last updated: 2020

Effects shown in research

Positive parenting practices

Findings rated high

Lind, T. (2017). Intervening to enhance emotion regulation: Early childhood adversity, parent-child mutual positive affect, and later child regulation capabilities (Publication No. 1972774602) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Delaware]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.

Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up (ABC) -Infant

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
D.O.T.S. Emotion Coding System - Parent-child mutual positive affect	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months of age	ABC-Infant vs. DEF; Philadelphia	107 parent/child dyads	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Study reported = 0.42	Statistically significant, p= 0.03	Model does not include statistical controls.
D.O.T.S. Emotion Coding System - Parent-child mutual positive affect	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months of age	ABC-Infant vs. DEF; Philadelphia	107 parent/child dyads	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Study reported = 0.46	Statistically significant, p= 0.02	Model controls for child risk, parent risk (0 to 24 months), and instability risk (0 to 24 months).

Yarger, H. A. (2018). Investigating longitudinal pathways to dysregulation: The role of anomalous parenting behavior (Publication No. 2130944494) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Delaware]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.

Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up (ABC) -Infant

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Atypical Maternal Behavior Instrument for Assessment and Classification (AMBIANCE) - Affective communication errors	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	7 months post-intervention	ABC-I vs. DEF; Large mid-Atlantic city	109 parents	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	HomVEE calculated = 0.21	Not statistically significant, p= 0.27	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.
Atypical Maternal Behavior Instrument for Assessment and Classification (AMBIANCE) - Disrupted parenting	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	7 months post-intervention	ABC-I vs. DEF; Large mid-Atlantic city	109 parents	Unadjusted proportion = 0.50 Unadjusted proportion	Unadjusted proportion = 0.61 Unadjusted proportion	Mean difference = -0.11	HomVEE calculated = -0.27	Not statistically significant, p= 0.23	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.
Atypical Maternal Behavior Instrument for Assessment and Classification (AMBIANCE) - Fearful/disorientation	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	7 months post-intervention	ABC-I vs. DEF; Large mid-Atlantic city	109 parents	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	HomVEE calculated = 0.14	Not statistically significant, p= 0.46	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.
Atypical Maternal Behavior Instrument for Assessment and Classification (AMBIANCE) - Intrusive/negativity	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	7 months post-intervention	ABC-I vs. DEF; Large mid-Atlantic city	109 parents	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	HomVEE calculated = 0.09	Not statistically significant, p= 0.64	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.
Atypical Maternal Behavior Instrument for Assessment and Classification (AMBIANCE) - Parental withdrawal	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	7 months post-intervention	ABC-I vs. DEF; Large mid-Atlantic city	109 parents	Unadjusted mean = 3.77 Unadjusted mean	Unadjusted mean = 4.46 Unadjusted mean	Mean difference = -0.69	HomVEE calculated = -0.44	Statistically significant, p= 0.02	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.
Atypical Maternal Behavior Instrument for Assessment and Classification (AMBIANCE) - Role/boundary confusion	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	7 months post-intervention	ABC-I vs. DEF; Large mid-Atlantic city	109 parents	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	HomVEE calculated = 0.04	Not statistically significant, p= 0.84	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

Yarger, H. A., Bernard, K., Caron, E., Wallin, A., & Dozier, M. (in press). Enhancing parenting quality for young children adopted internationally: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology.

Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up (ABC) -Infant

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Observational Record of the Caregiving Environment (ORCE) adapted scale - Intrusiveness	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	7-37 months post-intervention (pooled)	ABC-I vs. DEF; international adoptions; Mid-Atlantic	120 parents	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	HomVEE calculated = -0.32	Not statistically significant, p= 0.11	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.
Observational Record of the Caregiving Environment (ORCE) adapted scale - Parenting sensitivity	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	7-37 months post-intervention (pooled)	ABC-I vs. DEF; international adoptions; Mid-Atlantic	120 parents	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	HomVEE calculated = 0.52	Statistically significant, p= 0.01
Observational Record of the Caregiving Environment (ORCE) adapted scale - Positive regard	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	7-37 months post-intervention (pooled)	ABC-I vs. DEF; international adoptions; Mid-Atlantic	120 parents	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	HomVEE calculated = 0.36	Statistically significant, p= 0.05

Yarger, H. A., Hoye, J. R., & Dozier, M. (2016). Trajectories of change in Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up among high-risk mothers: A randomized clinical trial. Infant Mental Health Journal, 37(5), 525–536. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21585

Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up (ABC) -Infant

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Growth in parental intrusiveness	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	16 to 19 weeks	Delaware mothers	24 mothers	Unadjusted mean = -1.22	Unadjusted mean = -0.26	Mean difference = -0.96	Study reported = 0.81	Statistically significant, p = 0.02	footnote162 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative value is favorable to the intervention.
Growth in parental sensitivity	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	16 to 19 weeks	Delaware mothers	24 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 0.97	Unadjusted mean = 0.26	Mean difference = 0.71	Study reported = 0.70	Statistically significant, p = 0.04

Findings rated moderate

Bernard, K., Yarger, H. A., Meade, E. B., Wallin, A., & Dozier, M. (2015). Enhancing sensitivity and positive regard among parents of children adopted internationally: Long-term effects from a randomized clinical trial. Unpublished manuscript.

Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up (ABC) -Infant

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance
Parent positive regard	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	0-6 months	International adoptions	108 caregivers	Unadjusted mean = 4.32	Unadjusted mean = 3.76	Mean difference = 0.56	HomVEE calculated = 0.70	Statistically significant, p<0.01
Parent sensitivity	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	0-6 months	International adoptions	108 caregivers	Unadjusted mean = 3.56	Unadjusted mean = 2.93	Mean difference = 0.63	HomVEE calculated = 0.62	Statistically significant, p<0.01

Lind, T., Bernard, K., Yarger, H. A., & Dozier, M. (2019). Promoting compliance in children referred to child protective services: A randomized clinical trial. Child Development. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13207

Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up (ABC) -Infant

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Parent sensitivity	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	1 month post-intervention	ABC-Infant vs. DEF; Large mid-Atlantic city	89 mother/child dyads	Unadjusted mean = 2.49	Unadjusted mean = 1.94	Mean difference = 0.55	Study reported = 0.47	Statistically significant, p= 0.03	Authors used ANOVA to estimate the difference between the ABC and DEF groups; effect size is Cohen's D.
Parent sensitivity: duration (seconds)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	36 months of age	ABC-Infant vs. DEF; Large mid-Atlantic city	101 mother/child dyads	Unadjusted mean = 31.23	Unadjusted mean = 21.37	Mean difference = 9.86	Study reported = 0.40	Not statistically significant, p= 0.05	Authors used ANOVA to estimate the difference between the ABC and DEF groups; effect size is Cohen's D.

Yarger, H. A., Bronfman, E., Carlson, E., & Dozier, M. (2019). Intervening with Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up to decrease disrupted parenting behavior and attachment disorganization: The role of parental withdrawal. Development and Psychopathology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579419000786

Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up (ABC) -Infant

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Atypical Maternal Behavior Instrument for Assessment and Classification (AMBIANCE) Scale - Disrupted parenting	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	7 months after enrollment (1 month post-intervention)	ABC-Infant vs. DEF; Large mid-Atlantic city	105 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.52	Unadjusted proportion = 0.62	Mean difference = -0.10	HomVEE calculated = -0.24	Not statistically significant, p= 0.31	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.
Atypical Maternal Behavior Instrument for Assessment and Classification (AMBIANCE) Scale - Parental affective communication errors	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	7 months after enrollment (1 month post-intervention)	ABC-Infant vs. DEF; Large mid-Atlantic city	105 mothers	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	HomVEE calculated = 0.31	Not statistically significant, p = 0.33	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.
Atypical Maternal Behavior Instrument for Assessment and Classification (AMBIANCE) Scale - Parental fearful/disoriented	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	7 months after enrollment (1 month post-intervention)	ABC-Infant vs. DEF; Large mid-Atlantic city	105 mothers	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	HomVEE calculated = 0.12	Not statistically significant, p= 0.52	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.
Atypical Maternal Behavior Instrument for Assessment and Classification (AMBIANCE) Scale - Parental intrusive/negativity	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	7 months after enrollment (1 month post-intervention)	ABC-Infant vs. DEF; Large mid-Atlantic city	105 mothers	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	HomVEE calculated = 0.10	Not statistically significant, p= 0.60	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.
Atypical Maternal Behavior Instrument for Assessment and Classification (AMBIANCE) Scale - Parental role/boundary confusion	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	7 months after enrollment (1 month post-intervention)	ABC-Infant vs. DEF; Large mid-Atlantic city	105 mothers	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	HomVEE calculated = -0.32	Not statistically significant, p= 0.74	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.
Atypical Maternal Behavior Instrument for Assessment and Classification (AMBIANCE) Scale - Parental withdrawal	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	7 months after enrollment (1 month post-intervention)	ABC-Infant vs. DEF; Large mid-Atlantic city	105 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 3.76	Unadjusted mean = 4.42	Mean difference = -0.66	Study reported = -0.42	Statistically significant, p= 0.03	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

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