Healthy Families America (HFA)^®

Model effectiveness research report last updated: 2020

Effects shown in research

Linkages and referrals

Findings rated high

LeCroy, C. W., & Lopez, D. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of Healthy Families: 6-month and 1-year follow-up. Prevention Science. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-018-0931-4

Healthy Families America (HFA)^®

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance
Use of resources	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months	HFA vs. comparison group, Arizona, full sample	199 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 4.10	Unadjusted mean = 3.00	Mean difference = 1.10	Study reported = 0.24	Not statistically significant, p= 0.10

Findings rated moderate

Anisfeld, E., Sandy, J., & Guterman, N. B. (2004). Best Beginnings: A randomized controlled trial of a paraprofessional home visiting program: Technical report. Report to the Smith Richardson Foundation and New York State Office of Children and Family Services. New York: Columbia University School of Social Work.

Healthy Families America (HFA)^®

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Referral to AFDC or food stamps	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months postpartum	Full sample	289 families	% = 33.00	% = 26.00	= 7.00	HomVEE calculated = 0.20	Not statistically significant, p > 0.10
Referral to GED prep	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months postpartum	Full sample	289 families	% = 29.00	% = 26.00	= -7.00	HomVEE calculated = 0.09	Not statistically significant, p > 0.10
Referral to WIC	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months postpartum	Full sample	289 families	% = 19.00	% = 12.00	= 7.00	HomVEE calculated = 0.33	Not statistically significant, p > 0.10	footnote61 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 In contrast to the study-reported results, HomVEE calculations showed this difference to be statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). The HomVEE tests of statistical significance are based on the HomVEE calculated effect sizes, whereas authors may have used other techniques to determine statistical significance, such as regression models or analyses of variance (ANOVA).
Referral to adult primary care	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months postpartum	Full sample	289 families	% = 20.00	% = 17.00	= 3.00	HomVEE calculated = 0.12	Not statistically significant, p > 0.10
Referral to child health plus	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months postpartum	Full sample	289 families	% = 18.00	% = 16.00	= 2.00	HomVEE calculated = 0.09	Not statistically significant, p > 0.10
Referral to counseling	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months postpartum	Full sample	289 families	% = 28.00	% = 21.00	= 7.00	HomVEE calculated = 0.23	Not statistically significant, p > 0.10
Referral to daycare/babysitting	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months postpartum	Full sample	289 families	% = 52.00	% = 50.00	= 2.00	HomVEE calculated = 0.05	Not statistically significant, p > 0.10
Referral to domestic violence services	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months postpartum	Full sample	289 families	% = 10.00	% = 5.00	= 5.00	HomVEE calculated = 0.45	Not statistically significant, p > 0.10	footnote61 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 In contrast to the study-reported results, HomVEE calculations showed this difference to be statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). The HomVEE tests of statistical significance are based on the HomVEE calculated effect sizes, whereas authors may have used other techniques to determine statistical significance, such as regression models or analyses of variance (ANOVA).
Referral to early intervention program	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months postpartum	Full sample	289 families	% = 28.00	% = 24.00	= 4.00	HomVEE calculated = 0.13	Not statistically significant, p > 0.10
Referral to English as a Second Language	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months postpartum	Full sample	289 families	% = 44.00	% = 36.00	= 8.00	HomVEE calculated = 0.20	Not statistically significant, p > 0.10
Referral to family planning	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months postpartum	Full sample	289 families	% = 25.00	% = 10.00	= 15.00	HomVEE calculated = 0.67	Statistically significant, p < 0.01
Referral to food pantry	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months postpartum	Full sample	289 families	% = 25.00	% = 19.00	= 6.00	HomVEE calculated = 0.21	Not statistically significant, p > 0.10
Referral to housing assistance	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months postpartum	Full sample	289 families	% = 33.00	= 37.00	= -4.00	HomVEE calculated = -0.11	Not statistically significant, p > 0.10
Referral to immigration services	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months postpartum	Full sample	289 families	% = 30.00	% = 23.00	= 7.00	HomVEE calculated = 0.22	Not statistically significant, p > 0.10
Referral to job skills/search	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months postpartum	Full sample	289 families	% = 43.00	% = 39.00	= 4.00	HomVEE calculated = 0.10	Not statistically significant, p > 0.10
Referral to Medicaid	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months postpartum	Full sample	289 families	% = 30.00	% = 36.00	= -6.00	HomVEE calculated = -0.16	Not statistically significant, p > 0.10
Referral to parenting education or training	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months postpartum	Full sample	289 families	% = 14.00	% = 31.00	= -17.00	HomVEE calculated = -0.62	Statistically significant, p < 0.001
Referral to pediatric primary care	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months postpartum	Full sample	289 families	% = 41.00	% = 32.00	= 9.00	HomVEE calculated = 0.24	Not statistically significant, p > 0.10	footnote61 Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 In contrast to the study-reported results, HomVEE calculations showed this difference to be statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). The HomVEE tests of statistical significance are based on the HomVEE calculated effect sizes, whereas authors may have used other techniques to determine statistical significance, such as regression models or analyses of variance (ANOVA).

Jacobs, F., Easterbrooks, A., & Mistry, J. (2015). The Massachusetts Healthy Families evaluation-2 (MHFE-2): A randomized, controlled trial of a statewide home visiting program for young parents: Final report to the Children's Trust of Massachusetts. Medford, MA: Tufts Interdisciplinary Evaluation Research.

Healthy Families America (HFA)^®

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance
Mother received mental health services after pregnancy (self report), time 3	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 years post enrollment	MA sample	611 mothers	Not reported	Not reported	OR = 1.23	HomVEE calculated = 0.13	Not statistically significant, p = 0.26

LeCroy, C. W., & Lopez, D. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of Healthy Families: 6-month and 1-year follow-up. Prevention Science. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-018-0931-4

Healthy Families America (HFA)^®

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance
Use of resources	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months	HFA vs. comparison group, Arizona, full sample	165 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 3.10	Unadjusted mean = 2.30	Mean difference = 0.80	Study reported = 0.48	Statistically significant, p= 0.01

LeCroy, C. W., & Krysik, J. (2011). Randomized trial of the Healthy Families Arizona home visiting program. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(10), 1761–1766.

Healthy Families America (HFA)^®

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance
Use of resources	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months	Arizona sample	180 mothers	Mean = 2.71	Mean = 2.06	Mean difference = 0.65	HomVEE calculated = 4.32	Statistically significant, p =0.007

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