Chazan-Cohen, R., Raikes, H. H., & Vogel, C. (2013). V. Program subgroups: Patterns of impacts for home-based, center-based, and mixed-approach programs. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 78(1), 93-109.
Model(s) Reviewed:
Early Head Start—Home-based option
| Screening decision | Screening conclusion | HomVEE procedures and standards version |
|---|---|---|
| Passes screens | Eligible for review | Version 1 |
| Rating | Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Compromised randomization | Confounding factors | Valid, reliable measure(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Randomized controlled trial | Low | Established on race/ethnicity and SES; established on some relevant outcomes. | None | None | Not assessed in manuscripts reviewed before 2021 |
Notes:
In 2020, HomVEE updated the details of this review in the Reductions in Child Maltreatment domain in two ways. First, HomVEE removed the child witnessed violence finding from the Reductions in Child Maltreatment domain because it does not assess where (in the home or elsewhere) the child witnessed that violence and is therefore ineligible for review in this domain. Second, HomVEE moved measures of percent spanked last week from the Reductions in Child Maltreatment domain to the Positive Parenting Practices domain because ACF determined that nonviolent discipline and corporal punishment outcomes belong in the Positive Parenting Practices domain, unless those outcome are assessed using the Conflict Tactics Scale-Parent/Child.
Although the authors do not control for baseline measures of outcomes, the following outcomes rate high: child outcomes, which were not assessable at baseline, and parent employment and income outcomes, which were equivalent at baseline. Two outcomes rate moderate because the authors do not establish baseline equivalence: "parent depression" and "someone in household had alcohol/drug problem in past year." This review reports only those outcomes not previously reported in Love et al. (2001, 2002). Note that this manuscript reports both ITT and TOT estimates, but only ITT estimates are reported here.
| Study participants | This study relies on data from a randomized controlled trial of 17 Early Head Start (EHS) programs that began in 1995. Seven of the programs served clients through a home-based option (though other clients in other EHS options also received home visits) and are the focus of this report (EHS-HBO). The study randomly assigned 1,385 families, who applied to those seven programs, either to receive home-based EHS or a comparison condition. This study included outcomes reported for the 5-year-old follow-up (other years of follow-up are reported in separate studies). For this follow-up, 927 parents (479 in EHS-HBO and 448 in the comparison group) provided data for parent interviews. |
|---|---|
| Setting | The study was conducted in 17 EHS programs throughout the United States, including seven programs with home-based options, which are the focus of this report. Four programs were located in urban areas and three programs were located in rural areas. The seven programs represented a mix of implementation timing; one early implementer had all EHS-HBO elements in place by 1997, and three later implementers had all elements in place by 1999; three programs did not have all elements in place by 1999. The early-implementing program had fully implemented both child and family development services early and continued to have those services in place in 1999. |
| Intervention services | EHS-HBO services are intended to be delivered to families via weekly home visits. Seventy percent of families in these programs received weekly visits during at least one of the first two follow-up periods, and 26 percent received such services throughout both periods. Over the first two years, families in the home-based option received an average of 71 visits. Typical home visits were at least one hour long. Topics for home visits included child growth and development, child play activities, housing issues, and parent-child communication. |
| Comparison conditions | Control group families could not receive EHS-HBO services, but could receive other services available in their community. |
| Subgroups examined |
This field lists subgroups examined in the manuscript (even if they were not replicated in other samples and not reported on the summary page for this model’s report). Subgroups are not listed for manuscripts reviewed before 2021. |
| Funding sources | Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Child Outcomes Research and Evaluation team (CORE) within ACF’s Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation (OPRE), and the Head Start Bureau in the Administration on Children, Youth and Families (ACYF). |
| Author affiliation | None of the study authors are developers of this model. |
| Peer reviewed | Peer reviewed status is not listed for manuscripts reviewed before 2021. |
Study Registration:
Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: None found. Study registration was assessed by HomVEE beginning with the 2014 review.
Findings that rate moderate or high
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | CBCL Aggressive behavior | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Home-based program approach | Age 5 | 927 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = -0.09 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | Negative value favors the intervention.
|
| High | FACES positive approaches to learning | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Home-based program approach | Age 5 | 927 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = 0.18 | Statistically significant, p < 0.01 | |
| High | FACES Social Behavior Problems | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Home-based program approach | Age 5 | 927 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = -0.13 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 | Negative value favors the intervention.
|
| High | Child has an individualized education plan | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Home-based program approach | Age 5 | 802 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = -0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | Negative value favors the intervention.
|
| High | Engagement during play | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Home-based program approach | Age 5 | 829 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | English receptive vocabulary (PPVT) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Home-based program approach | Age 5 | 802 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = 0.05 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Leiter attention sustained | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Home-based program approach | Age 5 | 802 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = 0.09 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Negativity toward parent during play | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Home-based program approach | Age 5 | 829 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | Negative value favors the intervention.
|
| High | Observed attention | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Home-based program approach | Age 5 | 802 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = 0.07 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Observed Leiter emotion regulation | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Home-based program approach | Age 5 | 802 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Speech problems | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Home-based program approach | Age 5 | 802 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = -0.10 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | Negative value favors the intervention.
|
| High | Woodcock Johnson Applied Problems | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Home-based program approach | Age 5 | 802 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = 0.08 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Woodcock Johnson Letter-Word identification (English) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Home-based program approach | Age 5 | 802 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = 0.03 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Parent employed | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Home-based program approach | Age 5 | 927 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Parent income (dollars) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Home-based program approach | Age 5 | 927 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = 0.16 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderate | Parent depression | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Home-based program approach | Age 5 | 927 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = -0.08 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | Negative value favors the intervention.
|
| Moderate | Someone in household had alcohol/drug problem in past year | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Home-based program approach | Age 5 | 927 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = -0.04 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | Negative value favors the intervention.
|
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | HOME Language and Literacy | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Home-based program approach | Age 5 | 927 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = 0.16 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 | |
| High | Children's books (26 or more) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Home-based program approach | Age 5 | 927 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = 0.14 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 | |
| High | Parent supportiveness during play | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Home-based program approach | Age 5 | 927 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| High | Percent reading daily | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Home-based program approach | Age 5 | 927 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = 0.15 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 | |
| High | Percent spanked last week | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Home-based program approach | Age 5 | 927 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = -0.06 | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | Negative value favors the intervention.
|
| High | Teaching activities | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Home-based program approach | Age 5 | 927 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Study reported = 0.15 | Statistically significant, p < 0.05 |