Smith, J. D., Dishion, T. J., Shaw, D. S., Wilson, M. N., Winter, C. C., & Patterson, G. R. (2014). Coercive family process and early-onset conduct problems from age 2 to school entry. Development and Psychopathology, 26(4 Pt. 1), 917.
Model(s) Reviewed:
Family Check-Up® For Children
| Screening decision | Screening conclusion | HomVEE procedures and standards version |
|---|---|---|
| Passes screens | Eligible for review | Version 1 |
| Rating | Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Compromised randomization | Confounding factors | Valid, reliable measure(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderate | Randomized controlled trial | Low | Not established on race/ethnicity, SES, or baseline measures of the outcomes. | None | None | Not assessed in manuscripts reviewed before 2021 |
Notes:
In addition to the reported outcomes that rated moderate, several outcomes in this study rated low: child noncompliance at ages 3, 4, and 5; dyadic coercion at ages 3, 4, and 5; and three outcomes analyzed from ages 2 to 5 with an intent-to-treat approach: oppositional/aggressive behavior, child noncompliance, and dyadic coercion. These outcomes rated low because we could not assess attrition or baseline equivalence based on information reported in the study, nor was it available from the author. HomVEE reports results for interventions delivered to families with children from birth to kindergarten entry. Given that the FCU intervention continued to be delivered to families at the time of later assessment, child and parent outcomes reported within this study that were assessed after children were age 5 were excluded from review. This study is part of a large RCT described by Dishion et al. (2008).
| Study participants | The study included 731 families that met two criteria. Firs, they participated in the Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) when their son or daughter was between 2 years 0 months old and 2 years 11 months old. Second, they met the study’s criteria for being at risk for behavior problems—defined as one standard deviation or more above normative averages in at least two of three domains: (1) child behavior problems (for example, conduct problems or high-conflict relationships with adults); (2) primary caregiver problems (for example, maternal depression, daily parenting challenges, self-report of substance or mental health diagnosis, or status as a teen parent at first birth); and (3) socioeconomic status (a caregiver with low educational achievement or low family income based on WIC criteria). Screening was conducted in 2002 and 2003. Of the 731 primary caregivers who agreed to participate, 50 percent were European American, 28 percent were African American, 13 percent were biracial, and 9 percent were from another racial group. Thirteen percent were Hispanic. More than two-thirds of the randomized sample had an annual income below $20,000. Forty-one percent of the sample had a high school diploma or GED and 24 percent had less than a high school diploma or GED. The 731 children in the study were 29.9 months old on average at the time of the age 2 assessments. Forty-nine percent of the children were female and 58 percent lived in two-parent households. |
|---|---|
| Setting | Families were recruited from WIC program sites in and around Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (37 percent of sample); Eugene, Oregon (37 percent of sample); and Charlottesville, Virginia (26 percent of sample). |
| Intervention services | The Family Check-Up program typically involves three meetings: an initial contact meeting (a “get to know you” meeting); an assessment meeting, during which families participate in a comprehensive assessment of child and family functioning; and a feedback meeting to discuss the results of the assessment. After the feedback meeting, families can choose to participate in additional follow-up meetings. For this study, the order of the meetings was changed. All families participating in the study were given the comprehensive assessment. The researchers then randomized families into intervention and comparison groups. Following randomization, families in the intervention group participated in the initial contact and feedback meetings, which were led by parent consultants. These consultants discussed family issues and family functioning during the initial contact meeting and, during the feedback meeting, used motivational interviewing techniques to discuss the results of the assessment, areas of strength, areas for improvement, and recommended services that might help the family. After the feedback meetings, families could choose to participate in additional follow-up meetings. Families assigned to the intervention group received the intervention once yearly when their children were 2, 3, 4, and 5 years old. |
| Comparison conditions | Families assigned in the comparison group received the Family Check-Up intervention's comprehensive assessment but did not receive any other interventions or services. |
| Subgroups examined |
This field lists subgroups examined in the manuscript (even if they were not replicated in other samples and not reported on the summary page for this model’s report). Subgroups are not listed for manuscripts reviewed before 2021. |
| Funding sources | This research was supported by National Institute on Drug Abuse grant DA016110, awarded to Thomas Dishion, Daniel Shaw, and Melvin Wilson. Justin Smith received support from research training grant T32 MH20012 from the National Institute of Mental Health, awarded to Elizabeth Stormshak. |
| Author affiliation | Thomas Dishion, a study author, is a developer of this model. |
| Peer reviewed | Peer reviewed status is not listed for manuscripts reviewed before 2021. |
Study Registration:
Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: None found. Study registration was assessed by HomVEE beginning with the 2014 review.
Findings that rate moderate or high
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderate | Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Oppositional/Aggressive, Age 3, Correlation | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
WIC sites in Pittsburgh, PA, Eugene, OR, and Charlottesville, VA | Age 3 | 657 children | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| Moderate | Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Oppositional/Aggressive, Age 4, Correlation | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
WIC sites in Pittsburgh, PA, Eugene, OR, and Charlottesville, VA | Age 4 | 627 children | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 | |
| Moderate | Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Oppositional/Aggressive, Age 5, Correlation | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
WIC sites in Pittsburgh, PA, Eugene, OR, and Charlottesville, VA | Age 5 | 612 children | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05 |