LeCroy, C. W., & Krysik, J. (2011). Randomized trial of the Healthy Families Arizona home visiting program. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(10), 1761–1766.
Model(s) Reviewed:
Healthy Families America (HFA)®
| Screening decision | Screening conclusion | HomVEE procedures and standards version |
|---|---|---|
| Passes screens | Eligible for review | Version 1 |
| Rating | Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Compromised randomization | Confounding factors | Valid, reliable measure(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Randomized controlled trial | Low | Established on race/ethnicity. | None | None | Not assessed in manuscripts reviewed before 2021 |
Notes:
High rating applies to all outcomes except those with baseline differences that were not controlled. The moderate rating applies to the following outcomes: use of resources, emotional loneliness, and pathways to goals.
These outcomes are rated moderate due to baseline differences in these variables that were not controlled for in the analyses.
| Study participants | Following assessment, families meeting Healthy Families Arizona criteria were randomly assigned to the experimental group or the Child Development control group. A total of 195 families enrolled in the study and completed baseline interviews (98 in the experimental group and 97 in the control group). Eighty-five families in the experimental group and 86 families in the control group completed one-year interviews. Twenty-five percent of the mothers in the study were white and 74 percent were Hispanic. |
|---|---|
| Setting | The study took place in a single Healthy Families Arizona site in a large metropolitan area in the state. |
| Intervention services | The Healthy Families Arizona program provides home visiting services to prenatal and new parents. The home visitor first establishes a trusting relationship with the family, then assists parents with their life circumstances, personal issues, parenting needs, and successful adaptation to new infants. Home visitors model good parenting behavior, review the child’s developmental progress, promote safety in the home, establish a medical home for the child, and provide emotional support to parents. They also address substance abuse, domestic violence, and mental health issues. |
| Comparison conditions | Families assigned to the Child Development control group received assessment information about their child’s developmental progress in the context of a consistent and long-term positive relationship. Control group families were also offered opportunities to access services if desired. |
| Subgroups examined |
This field lists subgroups examined in the manuscript (even if they were not replicated in other samples and not reported on the summary page for this model’s report). Subgroups are not listed for manuscripts reviewed before 2021. |
| Funding sources | Arizona Department of Economic Security |
| Author affiliation | None of the authors is a developer of this model. |
| Peer reviewed | Peer reviewed status is not listed for manuscripts reviewed before 2021. |
Findings that rate moderate or high
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | School or training for mother | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 12 months | 171 mothers | Mean % = 35.20 | Mean % = 6.80 | Mean difference = 0.28 | HomVEE calculated = 1.19 | Statistically significant, p = 0.01 |
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderate | Use of resources | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 6 months | 180 mothers | Mean = 2.71 | Mean = 2.06 | Mean difference = 0.65 | HomVEE calculated = 4.32 | Statistically significant, p =0.007 |
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Alcohol use | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 6 months | 180 mothers | Mean % = 16.50 | Mean % = 35.20 | Mean difference = -18.70 | HomVEE calculated = -0.59 | Not available | |
| High | Alcohol use | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 12 months | 171 mothers | Mean % = 12.00 | Mean % = 20.50 | Mean difference = -8.50 | HomVEE calculated = -0.40 | Statistically significant, p = 0.04 | |
| High | Using birth control | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 12 months | 171 mothers | Mean % = | Mean % = 72.20 | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p = 0.54 | |
| High | Using birth control | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 6 months | 180 mothers | Mean % = 65.80 | Mean % = 65.10 | Mean difference = 0.70 | HomVEE calculated = 0.03 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.061 | |
| Moderate | Emotional loneliness | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 6 months | 180 mothers | Mean = 1.75 | Mean = 1.74 | Mean difference = 0.01 | HomVEE calculated = 0.01 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.34 | |
| Moderate | Pathways to goal | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 6 months | 180 mothers | Mean = 13.00 | Mean = 13.17 | Mean difference = -0.17 | HomVEE calculated = -0.89 | Not statistically significant, p =0.12 | |
| Moderate | Pathways to goal | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 12 months | 171 mothers | Mean = 12.96 | Mean = 12.69 | Mean difference = 0.27 | HomVEE calculated = 1.69 | Not statistically significant, p =0.87 | |
| Moderate | Use of resources | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 12 months | 171 mothers | Mean = 2.53 | Mean = 1.95 | Mean difference = 0.58 | HomVEE calculated = 1.58 | Statistically significant, p =0.001 |
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Aggressive discipline | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 12 months | 168 mothers | Mean = 1.44 | Mean = 1.83 | Mean difference = -0.39 | HomVEE calculated = -2.43 | Not statistically significant, p =0.10 | |
| High | Belief in corporal punishment | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 6 months | 180 mothers | Mean = 2.25 | Mean = 2.15 | Mean difference = 0.10 | HomVEE calculated = 0.15 | Not statistically significant, p =0.12 | |
| High | Belief in corporal punishment (AAPI-2) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 12 months | 168 mothers | Mean = 2.21 | Mean = 2.23 | Mean difference = -0.02 | HomVEE calculated = -0.03 | Not statistically significant, p =0.63 | |
| High | Inappropriate expectations | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 6 months | 180 mothers | Mean = 3.05 | Mean = 2.88 | Mean difference = 0.17 | HomVEE calculated = 0.22 | Not statistically significant, p =0.10 | |
| High | Inappropriate expectations (AAPI-2) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 12 months | 168 mothers | Mean = 2.77 | Mean = 2.77 | Mean difference = 0.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.00 | Not statistically significant, p =0.91 | |
| High | Lack of empathy | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 6 months | 180 mothers | Mean = 1.95 | Mean = 1.94 | Mean difference = 0.01 | HomVEE calculated = 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.54 | |
| High | Lack of empathy (AAPI-2) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 12 months | 168 mothers | Mean = 1.80 | Mean = 1.78 | Mean difference = 0.02 | HomVEE calculated = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p =0.91 | |
| High | Mother's reading | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 6 months | 180 mothers | Mean = 2.46 | Mean = 2.72 | Mean difference = -0.26 | HomVEE calculated = -1.62 | Not statistically significant, p =0.28 | |
| High | Mother's reading | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 12 months | 168 mothers | Mean = 2.26 | Mean = 2.22 | Mean difference = 0.04 | HomVEE calculated = 0.27 | Not statistically significant, p =0.85 | |
| High | Never called name, cursed | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 12 months | 168 mothers | Mean % = 96.40 | Mean % = 94.10 | Mean difference = 2.30 | HomVEE calculated = 0.26 | Not statistically significant, p =0.33 | |
| High | Never hit elsewhere | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 12 months | 168 mothers | Mean % = 98.80 | Mean % = 96.50 | Mean difference = 2.30 | HomVEE calculated = 0.68 | Not statistically significant, p =0.28 | |
| High | Never pinched child | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 12 months | 168 mothers | Mean % = 98.80 | Mean % = 94.10 | Mean difference = 4.70 | HomVEE calculated = 1.12 | Not statistically significant, p =0.15 | |
| High | Never shouted, yelled at child | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 12 months | 168 mothers | Mean % = 50.60 | Mean % = 34.10 | Mean difference = 16.50 | HomVEE calculated = 0.43 | Statistically significant, p =0.02 | |
| High | Never slapped hand | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 12 months | 168 mothers | Mean % = 56.60 | Mean % = 38.80 | Mean difference = 17.80 | HomVEE calculated = 0.42 | Statistically significant, p =0.03 | |
| High | Never slapped on face | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 12 months | 168 mothers | Mean % = 100.00 | Mean % = 97.60 | Mean difference = 2.40 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p =0.99 | |
| High | Never smacked/threatened, hit | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 12 months | 168 mothers | Mean % = 69.50 | Mean % = 63.50 | Mean difference = 6.00 | HomVEE calculated = 0.16 | Not statistically significant, p =0.30 | |
| High | Never spanked | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 12 months | 168 mothers | Mean % = 71.10 | Mean % = 65.80 | Mean difference = 5.30 | HomVEE calculated = 0.14 | Not statistically significant, p =0.19 | |
| High | Never threw object at child | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 12 months | 168 mothers | Mean % = 100.00 | Mean % = 98.80 | Mean difference = 1.20 | Not available | Not statistically significant, p =0.32 | |
| High | Oppressing child's independence | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 12 months | 168 mothers | Mean = | Mean = 3.32 | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p =0.68 | |
| High | Oppressing child's independence (AAPI-2) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 6 months | 180 mothers | Mean = 3.62 | Mean = 3.58 | Mean difference = 0.04 | HomVEE calculated = 0.10 | Not statistically significant, p =0.06 | |
| High | Reversing roles | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 6 months | 180 mothers | Mean = 2.60 | Mean = 2.47 | Mean difference = 0.13 | HomVEE calculated = 0.17 | Not statistically significant, p =0.32 | |
| High | Reversing roles (AAPI-2) | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 12 months | 168 mothers | Mean = | Mean = 2.25 | Not reported | Not available | Not statistically significant, p =0.33 | |
| High | Safety practices | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 6 months | 180 mothers | Mean = 17.95 | Mean = 16.05 | Mean difference = 1.90 | HomVEE calculated = 3.00 | Statistically significant, p = 0.04 | |
| High | Safety practices | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 12 months | 168 mothers | Mean = 17.96 | Mean = 17.07 | Mean difference = 0.89 | HomVEE calculated = 1.17 | Not statistically significant, p =0.42 |
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderate | Family violence | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 6 months | 180 mothers | Mean = 0.51 | Mean = 0.43 | Mean difference = 0.08 | HomVEE calculated = 1.87 | Not statistically significant, p =0.15 | |
| Moderate | Family violence | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
Arizona sample | 12 months | 168 mothers | Mean = 0.43 | Mean = 0.52 | Mean difference = -0.09 | HomVEE calculated = -1.12 | Not statistically significant, p =0.37 |