Van Zeijl, J., Mesman, J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Juffer, F., Stolk, M. N., . . . Alink, L. R. (2006). Attachment-based intervention for enhancing sensitive discipline in mothers of 1-to 3-year-old children at risk for externalizing behavior problems: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(6), 994–1005.
| Screening decision | Screening conclusion | HomVEE procedures and standards version |
|---|---|---|
| Passes screens | Eligible for review | Version 2 |
| Rating | Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Compromised randomization | Confounding factors | Valid, reliable measure(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Randomized controlled trial | Low | Not assessed for randomized controlled trials with low attrition |
No | No |
Yes, details reported below for findings on valid, reliable outcomes that otherwise rate at least moderate |
Models examining maternal discipline controlled for the baseline measure of the outcome. HomVEE did not review several analyses that tested overall impacts on multiple outcomes simultaneously. HomVEE does not have standards to rate overall effects that combine multiple outcomes; therefore, findings from these analyses are ineligible for review.
| Study participants | The study recruited families in the western region of the Netherlands from community records to obtain a sample of 1-, 2-, and 3-year-old children. To be eligible, children had to have traditional Dutch first and last names, live with two parents, and not be a twin. In addition, neither the child nor mother could have any serious medical conditions. Because this was a targeted intervention, it selected only children with scores above the 75th percentile on the Child Behavior Checklist Externalizing Problems scale. The study randomly assigned intervention and comparison groups. It included 237 mother–child dyads, 117 in the Video-feedback Intervention to Promote Positive Parenting Adapted-Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD) group and 120 in the comparison group. Children were, on average, 2 years old at baseline. For 64 percent of families, one or both parents had a bachelor’s or master’s degree. The study did not report further information about the race and ethnicity of the sample, though the sample sought to be culturally homogeneous by selecting children with Dutch first and last names. |
|---|---|
| Setting | The study took place in the western region of the Netherlands. |
| Intervention services | VIPP-SD consisted of six 90-minute home visits; the first four visits were monthly and the last two were every other month. In each session, the home visitor started by videotaping standardized mother–child interactions, then reviewed video excerpts of the mother–child interactions from the previous week and provided some feedback. Each of the first four weeks focused on a specific theme, whereas the last two sessions reinforced material. Fathers could attend these last two booster sessions. The first two sessions focused on child behavior, whereas the second two focused on improving parenting strategies. The aim of the intervention was to increase maternal sensitivity and use of adequate discipline strategies. |
| Comparison conditions | Mothers assigned to the comparison condition received six phone calls that consisted of a semi-structured interview that encouraged the mother to talk about their child’s development. Mothers did not receive any advice or information about child development. |
| Subgroups examined |
This field lists subgroups examined in the manuscript (even if they were not replicated in other samples and not reported on the summary page for this model’s report). • High level of marital discord • High level of daily hassles |
| Funding sources | The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development Award Number 2200.0097 supported this research. |
| Author affiliation | Drs Juffer, Bakermans-Kranenburg, and van IJzendoorn, three authors of the study affiliated with Leiden University, are developers of the VIPP-SD intervention. |
| Peer reviewed | Yes |
Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: None found. SocialScienceRegistry.org Identifier: None found. Registry of Efficacy and Effectiveness Studies Identifier: None found. Study registration was assessed by HomVEE for Clinicaltrials.gov beginning with the 2014 review, and for other registries beginning with the 2021 review.
Findings that rate moderate or high
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Maternal Attitudes Towards Sensitive Discipline | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
VIPP-SD vs. comparison, Netherlands 2001-2003, full sample | 1 year after enrollment | 237 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 60.71 | Unadjusted mean = 57.37 | Mean difference = 3.34 | HomVEE calculated = 0.28 | Statistically significant, p <.05 | |
| High | Maternal Attitudes Towards Sensitivity | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
VIPP-SD vs. comparison, Netherlands 2001-2003, full sample | 1 year after enrollment | 237 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 65.01 | Unadjusted mean = 59.24 | Mean difference = 5.77 | HomVEE calculated = 0.58 | Statistically significant, p <.01 | |
| High | Maternal Discipline: Positive Discipline | FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
VIPP-SD vs. comparison, Netherlands 2001-2003, full sample | 1 year after enrollment | 237 mothers | Unadjusted mean = 0.35 | Unadjusted mean = -0.36 | Median difference = 0.71 | HomVEE calculated = 0.36 | Statistically significant, p <.01 |