PFL Evaluation Team at the UCD Geary Institute. (2012). Preparing For Life early childhood intervention: Assessing the impact of Preparing For Life at six months [Study 1: Randomized controlled trial]. Dublin, Ireland: UCD Geary Institute.
| Screening decision | Screening conclusion | HomVEE procedures and standards version |
|---|---|---|
| Passes screens | Eligible for review | Version 2 |
| Rating | Design | Attrition | Baseline equivalence | Compromised randomization | Confounding factors | Valid, reliable measure(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Randomized controlled trial | Low | Not assessed for randomized controlled trials with low attrition |
No | No |
Yes |
The manuscript describes two studies: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and a non-experimental design (NED) using a matched comparison group. This review addressed the findings of the RCT. The review of the NED is addressed under the PFL Evaluation Team at the UCD Geary Institute (2012; Study 2).
Information on how certain measures were constructed and their reliability, information to satisfy the baseline equivalence requirement for findings with high attrition, and information on the regression imputation method were based on correspondence with the author. HomVEE’s calculations for statistical significance are used because authors’ calculations are based on one-tailed statistical tests. Several findings not reported in the tables below received a low rating because they had high attrition and did not satisfy the baseline requirement or did not satisfy the reliability requirement. Findings about mothers’ civic engagement, partnership status, household size, the presence of grandparents, whether the mother was breastfed herself as a baby, and whether the mother knows the baby’s weight are ineligible for review because they do not fall in one of HomVEE’ s eligible outcome domains. Measures of the fathers’ income and education are ineligible for review because HomVEE does not review measures of family self-sufficiency for the father, unless the manuscript clearly indicates that the father resides in the household. Findings for difficult child temperament adapted from the Infant Characteristics Questionnaire, the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) Social-Emotional score (total score), ASQ Gross motor score (total score), Parental Locus of Control Scale (PLOC) Control of child's behavior score, and number of child health problems are duplicates of those reported in Doyle et al. (2017) and are reported under that peer-reviewed manuscript.
| Study participants | Study participants were pregnant women recruited in a maternity hospital or in the community. A total of 233 pregnant women were randomly assigned to either the Preparing for Life—Home Visiting group that received home visiting services (“high PFL”; 115 participants) or the comparison condition that did not receive home visiting services (“low PFL”; 118 participants). The study included a total of 173 participants, 83 in the high PFL group and 90 in the low PFL comparison group. Outcomes were measured when the children in the sample were six months old. At intake, the average age of the mothers was 25. The percentage of mothers identifying as Irish was 96 percent, and 4 percent as Irish Traveller. About half of the women were first-time mothers. |
|---|---|
| Setting | The study took place in North Dublin, Ireland. |
| Intervention services | Preparing for Life—Home Visiting provided home visits that lasted 30 minutes to two hours during the mother’s pregnancy and until the child started school at age 5. The majority of participants received visits every two weeks, though some participants received services monthly. The home visitor was a trained Preparing for Life mentor. The mentor provided information by using tip sheets and worked with participants to resolve issues around the child’s development, including the child’s prebirth development, nutrition, rest and routine, and cognitive and social development. The mentor also addressed the mother and her supports. Participants had access to baby massage sessions until the child was 10 months old. Participants also received packages of materials, including home safety items (corner guards, angle latches, heat-sensitive spoons, and baby gym/play mats) and toys (puzzles, activity toys, and bricks), worth about 100 Euros per package. |
| Comparison conditions | Participants in the low PFL (comparison) group did not have access to the home visiting services or tip sheets. The comparison group did, however, receive some of the same resources made available to the high PFL (intervention) group, including the package of safety items and toys. These participants had access to an information officer who met with participants before the child’s birth and at various intervals after birth and provided information on Preparing for Life community events and other local services. Participants in the comparison group had access to public health workshops, such as a stress-control program and a healthy food program. |
| Subgroups examined |
This field lists subgroups examined in the manuscript (even if they were not replicated in other samples and not reported on the summary page for this model’s report). • Child gender (boy or girl) • Parity (primiparous) • Relationship status (single parent) • Cognitive resources of mother (high or low as measured by the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence) • Emotional well-being level of mother (high or low as measured by the World Health Organization Wellbeing Index) • Maternal substance use/disorder (smoked or drank during pregnancy) • Maternal familial risk (high as measured by a survey of household domestic risks) |
| Funding sources | The Atlantic Philanthropies and the Department of Children and Youth Affairs (Ireland) supported the research. |
| Author affiliation | Dr. Doyle and the Preparing for Life Evaluation team are affiliated with the University College Dublin Geary Institute for Public Policy. The authors were contracted by the home visiting model developers to evaluate Preparing for Life—Home Visiting. |
| Peer reviewed | No |
Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: None found. SocialScienceRegistry.org Identifier: None found. Registry of Efficacy and Effectiveness Studies Identifier: None found. Study registration was assessed by HomVEE for Clinicaltrials.gov beginning with the 2014 review, and for other registries beginning with the 2021 review.
Findings that rate moderate or high
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) Gross Motor Cut-off Score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.01 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.04 | Mean difference = -0.03 | Study reported = -0.19 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.25 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) Personal Social Cut-off Score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Adjusted proportion = 0.06 | Adjusted proportion = 0.10 | Mean difference = -0.04 | Study reported = -0.15 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.34 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) Social-Emotional Cut-off score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.01 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.04 | Mean difference = -0.03 | Study reported = -0.19 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.25 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), Personal Social Score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 46.69 | Unadjusted mean = 45.94 | Mean difference = 0.75 | Study reported = 0.06 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.70 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Age left hospital (in days) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Adjusted mean = 3.23 | Adjusted mean = 3.16 | Mean difference = 0.07 | Study reported = 0.01 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.93 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Appropriate frequency of eating (baby eats 6 or more times per day) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.77 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.63 | Mean difference = 0.14 | Study reported = 0.30 | Statistically significant, p = 0.048 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d |
| High | Attempted breastfeeding |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.24 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.22 | Mean difference = 0.02 | Study reported = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.76 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Baby eats appropriate food |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.87 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.77 | Mean difference = 0.10 | Study reported = 0.26 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.09 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Baby ever vaccinated |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.99 | Unadjusted proportion = 1.00 | Mean difference = -0.01 | Study reported = -0.16 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.51 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d |
| High | Baby problem breathing |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.22 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.14 | Mean difference = 0.08 | Study reported = 0.19 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.17 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d |
| High | Baby sleeps more than 8 hours a night |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
171 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.76 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.78 | Mean difference = -0.02 | Study reported = -0.06 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.76 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Baby sleeps undisturbed by 3 months |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.36 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.46 | Mean difference = -0.10 | Study reported = -0.19 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.18 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Baby sleeps undisturbed through the night |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.75 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.77 | Mean difference = -0.02 | Study reported = -0.05 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.76 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Baby’s crying a problem |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.12 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.11 | Mean difference = 0.01 | Study reported = 0.03 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.84 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Stayed in hospital during first 6 months (baby) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.10 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.09 | Mean difference = 0.01 | Study reported = 0.03 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.82 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d |
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Equivalized weekly household income |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
150 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 240.65 | Unadjusted mean = 239.11 | Mean difference = 1.54 | Study reported = 0.01 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.94 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Mother in paid employment |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
171 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.37 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.35 | Mean difference = 0.02 | Study reported = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.79 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Mother long-term unemployed |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
169 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.18 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.16 | Mean difference = 0.02 | Study reported = 0.06 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.73 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Receives social welfare payments |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
169 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.81 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.74 | Mean difference = 0.07 | Study reported = 0.18 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.28 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Saves regularly |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
171 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.48 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.55 | Mean difference = -0.07 | Study reported = -0.15 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.36 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Below World Health Organisation - Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) Score of 13 |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.23 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.26 | Mean difference = -0.03 | Study reported = -0.06 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.65 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d |
| High | Edinburgh Postnatal Depression cut-off |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.23 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.17 | Mean difference = 0.06 | Study reported = 0.16 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.33 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Score, past 6 months |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 6.53 | Unadjusted mean = 6.63 | Mean difference = -0.10 | Study reported = -0.02 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.91 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Score, past 7 days |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 5.87 | Unadjusted mean = 6.36 | Mean difference = -0.49 | Study reported = -0.09 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.55 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Knows families with children same age as baby |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
170 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.66 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.56 | Mean difference = 0.10 | Study reported = 0.21 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.18 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Mother number of general practitioner (GP) visits in past 6 months |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
171 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 2.51 | Unadjusted mean = 1.94 | Mean difference = 0.57 | Study reported = 0.16 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.30 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d |
| High | Mother took or is currently on maternity leave |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
171 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.28 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.33 | Mean difference = -0.05 | Study reported = 0.10 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.48 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Parenting Stress Index (PSI), Difficult Child |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 19.45 | Unadjusted mean = 20.19 | Mean difference = -0.74 | Study reported = -0.14 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.36 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Parenting Stress Index (PSI), Parent-child Dysfunctional Interactions |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 16.94 | Unadjusted mean = 18.40 | Mean difference = -1.46 | Study reported = -0.28 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.07 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Parenting Stress Index (PSI), Parental Distress |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 26.02 | Unadjusted mean = 25.71 | Mean difference = 0.31 | Study reported = 0.04 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.79 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Parenting Stress Index (PSI), Stress Cut-off Score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.01 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.06 | Mean difference = -0.05 | Study reported = -0.24 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.12 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Parenting Stress Index (PSI), total score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 62.41 | Unadjusted mean = 64.30 | Mean difference = -1.89 | Study reported = -0.12 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.42 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | World Health Organisation - Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) Percentage Score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 64.34 | Unadjusted mean = 64.53 | Mean difference = -0.19 | Study reported = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.95 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d |
| Rating | Outcome measure | Effect | Sample | Timing of follow-up | Sample size | Intervention group | Comparison group | Group difference | Effect size | Statistical significance | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High | Appropriateness of baby sleeping location |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.90 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.99 | Mean difference = -0.09 | Study reported = -0.39 | Statistically significant, p = 0.03 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Baby has appropriate sleep preparation |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.48 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.39 | Mean difference = 0.09 | Study reported = 0.19 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.24 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Condon Maternal Attachment Scale (CMAS), Absence of Hostility |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 4.39 | Unadjusted mean = 4.41 | Mean difference = -0.02 | Study reported = -0.04 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.80 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Condon Maternal Attachment Scale (CMAS), Quality of Attachment |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 4.69 | Unadjusted mean = 4.68 | Mean difference = 0.01 | Study reported = 0.03 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.85 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Condon Maternal Attachment Scale (CMAS), total score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 85.86 | Unadjusted mean = 85.92 | Mean difference = -0.06 | Study reported = -0.01 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.94 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Mother interaction with baby (items adapted from My Baby and Me program and Parenting for the First Time program) |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 2.79 | Unadjusted mean = 2.66 | Mean difference = 0.13 | Study reported = 0.22 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.14 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Mother uses baby safety gate |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
151 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.19 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.13 | Mean difference = 0.06 | Study reported = 0.15 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.32 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d |
| High | Mother uses electrical socket covers |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
168 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted proportion = 0.43 | Unadjusted proportion = 0.33 | Mean difference = 0.10 | Study reported = 0.20 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.18 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d |
| High | Parental Cognition and Conduct Toward the Infant Scale (PACOTIS), Baby Comparison |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 7.52 | Unadjusted mean = 7.04 | Mean difference = 0.48 | Study reported = 0.26 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.10 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Parental Cognition and Conduct Toward the Infant Scale (PACOTIS), Parental Hostile-reactive Behavior |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 0.80 | Unadjusted mean = 1.04 | Mean difference = -0.24 | Study reported = -0.20 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.18 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Parental Cognition and Conduct Toward the Infant Scale (PACOTIS), Parental Impact |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 7.25 | Unadjusted mean = 7.07 | Mean difference = 0.18 | Study reported = 0.08 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.58 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Parental Cognition and Conduct Toward the Infant Scale (PACOTIS), Parental Over-protection |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 6.18 | Unadjusted mean = 6.14 | Mean difference = 0.04 | Study reported = 0.02 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.90 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Parental Cognition and Conduct Toward the Infant Scale (PACOTIS), Parental Self-efficacy |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 8.80 | Unadjusted mean = 8.67 | Mean difference = 0.13 | Study reported = 0.10 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.47 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Parental Cognition and Conduct Toward the Infant Scale (PACOTIS), Parental Warmth |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 9.18 | Unadjusted mean = 9.24 | Mean difference = -0.06 | Study reported = -0.06 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.75 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Parental Locus of Control Scale (PLOC), overall score |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 44.27 | Unadjusted mean = 45.54 | Mean difference = -1.27 | Study reported = -0.16 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.29 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |
| High | Parental Locus of Control Scale (PLOC), Parental Belief in Fate/Chance |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 9.70 | Unadjusted mean = 9.97 | Mean difference = -0.27 | Study reported = -0.08 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.61 |
Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d |
| High | Satisfied with father's involvement |
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect |
High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample |
6 months old |
173 mother/child dyads | Unadjusted mean = 62.26 | Unadjusted mean = 64.40 | Mean difference = -2.14 | Study reported = -0.25 | Not statistically significant, p = 0.11 |
Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. |