Manuscript Detail | Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness

Kirkland, K., Lee, E., Smith, C., & Greene, R. (2020). Sustained impact on parenting practices: Year 7 findings from the Healthy Families New York randomized controlled trial. Prevention Science, 21(4), 498–507. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-020-01110-w.

Manuscript screening details
Screening decision	Screening conclusion	HomVEE procedures and standards version
Passes screens	Eligible for review	Version 2

Study design details
Rating	Design	Attrition	Baseline equivalence	Compromised randomization	Confounding factors	Valid, reliable measure(s)
High	Randomized controlled trial	Low	Not assessed for randomized controlled trials with low attrition	No	No	Yes

Notes:

Information on the measures and sample sizes—including information that was needed to demonstrate equivalence of the intervention and comparison groups and to establish measure reliability—is based on correspondence with the author.

Findings from the Conflict Tactics Scales: Picture Card Version (CTS-PCV) survey, based on child self-reports, received a low rating because they had high attrition and did not satisfy the baseline equivalence requirement. Two findings from child protective services reports of child maltreatment received a low rating because they had high attrition and did not satisfy the baseline equivalence requirement. Finally, two findings from the Conflict Tactics Scales: Parent-Child Version (CTS-PC) survey—measures of severe or very severe physical assault—received a low rating because they did not meet HomVEE's measure reliability requirements.

Study characteristics
Study participants	Study participants were new or expectant mothers recruited from three Healthy Families New York (HFNY) sites in upstate New York. Mothers were eligible if they spoke English or Spanish, lived in the high-risk catchment area in upstate New York, and were considered to be at risk for child abuse or neglect. A total of 1,254 women met eligibility requirements and were randomly assigned: 621 to the HFNY group and 633 to the comparison group. For the seven-year follow-up described in this study, 942 women (479 in the HFNY group and 463 in the comparison group) provided outcome data at the time of the focal child’s seventh birthday. Thirty-five percent of participating mothers were White Non-Latina, 48 percent were African American, and 16 percent were Latina. Forty-seven percent had at least a high school diploma or GED. The mean age of participating mothers at enrollment was 22 years.
Setting	The study took place in upstate New York in three sites of the HFNY program.
Intervention services	As described in this manuscript, Healthy Families New York (HFNY) is based on Healthy Families America (HFA) and is an early childhood home visiting intervention that consists of biweekly home visits while participants are pregnant. After the child’s birth, visits increase to weekly until the child is six months old, after which they decrease as the family’s needs diminish. Home visitors often have backgrounds similar to those of participants and use various curricula to promote parent-child attachment, foster safe and nurturing home environments, and encourage positive parenting practices. Home visitors also educate families on child development and help families access community resources and services.
Comparison conditions	Participants assigned to the comparison group were not eligible to receive HFNY services.
Subgroups examined	This field lists subgroups examined in the manuscript (even if they were not replicated in other samples and not reported on the summary page for this model’s report). There were no subgroups reported in this manuscript.
Funding sources	This research was supported by the National Institute of Justice Grant 2006-Mu-Mu-0002 and New York State Office of Children and Family Services grant number 1058555-1-41144.
Author affiliation	Authors are affiliated with the New York State Office of Children and Family Services and the State University of New York at Albany. HomVEE is not aware of any relationship between the authors and the home visiting model developer or distributor.
Peer reviewed	Yes

Study Registration:

Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: None found. SocialScienceRegistry.org Identifier: None found. Registry of Efficacy and Effectiveness Studies Identifier: None found. Study registration was assessed by HomVEE for Clinicaltrials.gov beginning with the 2014 review, and for other registries beginning with the 2021 review.

Findings that rate moderate or high

Reductions in child maltreatment
Rating	Outcome measure	Effect	Sample	Timing of follow-up	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
High	Conflict Tactics Scales: Parent-Child Version (CTS-PC): Harsh parenting in the past week frequency	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	HFNY vs. usual care RCT, New York, full sample	7 years old	897 mothers	Adjusted mean = 3.58	Adjusted mean = 3.65	Difference = -0.07	Study reported = 0.02	Not statistically significant, p= 0.81	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Manuscript reports frequency effect sizes in Cohen's d.
High	Conflict Tactics Scales: Parent-Child Version (CTS-PC): Harsh parenting in the past week prevalence	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	HFNY vs. usual care RCT, New York, full sample	7 years old	897 mothers	Adjusted proportion = 0.74	Adjusted proportion = 0.76	Incidence rate = -0.02	HomVEE calculated = -0.06	Not statistically significant, p= 0.54	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.
High	Conflict Tactics Scales: Parent-Child Version (CTS-PC): Minor physical assault frequency	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	HFNY vs. usual care RCT, New York, full sample	7 years old	897 mothers	Adjusted mean = 4.36	Adjusted mean = 4.61	Difference = -0.25	Study reported = 0.03	Not statistically significant, p= 0.65	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Manuscript reports frequency effect sizes in Cohen's d.
High	Conflict Tactics Scales: Parent-Child Version (CTS-PC): Minor physical assault prevalence	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	HFNY vs. usual care RCT, New York, full sample	7 years old	897 mothers	Adjusted proportion = 0.65	Adjusted proportion = 0.59	Incidence rate = 0.05	HomVEE calculated = 0.14	Not statistically significant, p= 0.12	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.
High	Conflict Tactics Scales: Parent-Child Version (CTS-PC): Neglect frequency	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	HFNY vs. usual care RCT, New York, full sample	7 years old	897 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.54	Adjusted mean = 0.59	Difference = -0.05	Study reported = 0.05	Not statistically significant, p= 0.48	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Manuscript reports frequency effect sizes in Cohen's d.
High	Conflict Tactics Scales: Parent-Child Version (CTS-PC): Neglect prevalence	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	HFNY vs. usual care RCT, New York, full sample	7 years old	897 mothers	Adjusted proportion = 0.16	Adjusted proportion = 0.17	Incidence rate = -0.01	HomVEE calculated = -0.05	Not statistically significant, p= 0.66	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.
High	Conflict Tactics Scales: Parent-Child Version (CTS-PC): Nonviolent discipline frequency	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	HFNY vs. usual care RCT, New York, full sample	7 years old	897 mothers	Adjusted mean = 49.24	Adjusted mean = 45.30	Difference = 3.94	Study reported = 0.14	Statistically significant, p= 0.05	Manuscript reports frequency effect sizes in Cohen's d.
High	Conflict Tactics Scales: Parent-Child Version (CTS-PC): Nonviolent discipline prevalence	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	HFNY vs. usual care RCT, New York, full sample	7 years old	897 mothers	Adjusted proportion = 1.00	Adjusted proportion = 0.99	Incidence rate = 0.01	HomVEE calculated = 1.61	Statistically significant, p= 0.01
High	Conflict Tactics Scales: Parent-Child Version (CTS-PC): Psychological aggression frequency	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	HFNY vs. usual care RCT, New York, full sample	7 years old	897 mothers	Adjusted mean = 15.30	Adjusted mean = 15.24	Difference = 0.06	Study reported = 0.00	Not statistically significant, p= 0.96	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Manuscript reports frequency effect sizes in Cohen's d.
High	Conflict Tactics Scales: Parent-Child Version (CTS-PC): Psychological aggression prevalence	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	HFNY vs. usual care RCT, New York, full sample	7 years old	897 mothers	Adjusted proportion = 0.89	Adjusted proportion = 0.87	Incidence rate = 0.02	HomVEE calculated = 0.09	Not statistically significant, p= 0.50	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.
High	Mom or target child confirmed subject or victim of CPS report - frequency	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	HFNY vs. usual care RCT, New York, full sample	7 years old	942 mothers	Adjusted mean = 0.57	Adjusted mean = 0.54	Difference = 0.03	Study reported = 0.04	Not statistically significant, p= 0.56	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Manuscript reports frequency effect sizes in Cohen's d.
High	Mom or target child confirmed subject or victim of CPS report - prevalence	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	HFNY vs. usual care RCT, New York, full sample	7 years old	942 mothers	Adjusted proportion = 0.30	Adjusted proportion = 0.29	Incidence rate = 0.01	HomVEE calculated = 0.03	Not statistically significant, p= 0.67	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.