Manuscript Details

Tauriello, S., Savage, J. S., Goldsmith, J., Kubiniec, E., Paul, I. M., & Anzman-Frasca, S. (2023). Effect of the INSIGHT responsive parenting intervention on parenting and child behavior at ages 3 and 6 years. The Journal of Pediatrics, 255, 72–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.10.025

Peer Reviewed

Model(s): Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories (INSIGHT)
Study Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov
High rating
This manuscript received a rating of high because it is a randomized-controlled trial with low-attrition.

Study reviewed under: Handbook of Procedures and Standards, Version 2.3
Child Development and School Readiness
Outcome Measure Timing of Follow-Up Rating Direction of Effect Effect Size (Absolute Value) Statistical Significance Sample Size Sample Description
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Total behavior problems composite 3 years old High
0.29 Statistically significant, p= 0.03 219 children INSIGHT vs. comparison, Pennsylvania 2012-2014, full sample
Effect rating key
Favorable finding / Statistically significant
Unfavorable finding / Statistically significant
Ambiguous finding / Statistically significant
No effect / Not statistically significant

Note: Tables do not include findings that HomVEE rated low or indeterminate, or found to be ineligible for review.

This study included participants with the following characteristics at enrollment:

Race/Ethnicity

The race and ethnicity categories may sum to more than 100 percent if Hispanic ethnicity was reported separately or respondents could select two or more race or ethnicity categories.

Asian
3%
Black or African American
5%
Hispanic or Latino
5%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
1%
White
90%
Some other race
1%
Two or more races
2%

Maternal Education

High school diploma or GED
6%
Some college or Associate's degree
24%
Bachelor's degree or higher
70%

Other Characteristics

Data not available

This study included participants from the following locations:

  • Pennsylvania
Study Participants
  • Study participants were first-time mothers and their infants, recruited from a maternity ward. 
  • At enrollment, the average age of mothers was 29. 
  • A total of 291 pairs were randomly assigned to the intervention group (145 pairs) or the comparison group (146 pairs). Random assignment took place 10 to 14 days after birth. 
  • Outcomes were measured when children were ages 3 and 6.
Setting

The study took place in Hershey, Pennsylvania.

Intervention condition
Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories (INSIGHT)

Note: Navigate to the model page for more information about the home visiting model. See the source manuscript for more information about how the model was implemented in this study.

Comparison Conditions
  • The comparison group received a child safety intervention with age-appropriate safety guidance including information on preventing sudden infant death syndrome; storing breast milk and preparing formula; and safe bathing practices. 
  • The comparison intervention was delivered through a similar number of home visits, and at similar times, as the INSIGHT intervention.
Subgroups examined

• Boys • Girls

Author Affiliation

The authors were affiliated with Binghamton University; the University at Buffalo (Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Center for Ingestive Behavior Research); The Pennsylvania State University (Center for Childhood Obesity Research; Department of Nutritional Sciences); and Penn State College of Medicine (Departments of Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences). Several authors were part of the research team that designed the INSIGHT model.

Funding Sources

This research was supported by Award Number R01DK088244 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, with additional support from the Children’s Miracle Network at Penn State Children’s Hospital.

Study design characteristics contributing to rating
Design Random assignment compromised? Attrition Baseline equivalence Confounding factors? Valid, reliable measures?
Randomized controlled trial No Low

Not assessed for randomized controlled trials with low attrition

No

Yes
Notes from the review of this manuscript

Several outcomes were not eligible for HomVEE review because the analyses control for outcomes measured at age 3 (36 months), which may have been affected by the home visiting intervention delivered to mothers and children through 30 months of age. Specifically, these are the parenting outcomes from the Comprehensive General Parenting Questionnaire administered at age 6, the child behavior outcomes measured at age 3 by the observational Iowa Family Interaction Rating Scales, and the internalizing and externalizing behavior outcomes from the Child Behavior Checklist. Findings for child behavior problems from the Iowa Family Interaction Rating Scales, measured at age 6, received a low rating because they had high attrition and did not meet the baseline equivalence requirement. Information on baseline equivalence was obtained through correspondence with one of the manuscript’s authors. This manuscript reports findings from the INSIGHT Study. HomVEE reports additional findings from this study under Adams et al., (2019), Anzman-Frasca et al. (2018), Hernandez Acton et al. (2025), Paul et al. (2025), Paul et al. (2018), and Paul et al. (2016).