Manuscript Detail | Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness

PFL Evaluation Team at the UCD Geary Institute. (2012). Preparing For Life early childhood intervention: Assessing the impact of Preparing For Life at twelve months. Dublin, Ireland: UCD Geary Institute.

Manuscript screening details
Screening decision	Screening conclusion	HomVEE procedures and standards version
Passes screens	Eligible for review	Version 2

Study design details
Rating	Design	Attrition	Baseline equivalence	Compromised randomization	Confounding factors	Valid, reliable measure(s)
High	Randomized controlled trial	Low	Not assessed for randomized controlled trials with low attrition	No	No	Yes

Notes:

Information on how certain measures were constructed and their reliability, information to satisfy the baseline equivalence requirement for findings with high attrition, and information on the regression imputation method were based on correspondence with the author. HomVEE's calculations for statistical significance are used because authors' calculations were based on one-tailed statistical tests. Several findings not reported in the tables below received a low rating because they had high attrition and did not satisfy the baseline requirement or failed to establish face validity and/or did not satisfy the reliability requirement. Findings about mothers’ civic engagement, partnership status, marital status, household size, the presence of grandparents, and whether the mother knows the baby’s weight are ineligible for review because they do not fall in one of HomVEE’s eligible outcome domains. Measures of the fathers’ income and employment status are ineligible for review because HomVEE does not review measures of family self-sufficiency for the father, unless the manuscript clearly indicates that the father resides in the household.

Several findings for the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, and for subscales of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories, Brief Child-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment, Developmental Profile-3, and Adult Adolescent Parenting Inventory 2, as well as findings about child's health and health problems, are duplicates of those reported in two peer-reviewed manuscripts: Doyle et. al (2015) and Doyle et. al (2017). These findings are reported under those peer-reviewed manuscripts.

Study characteristics
Study participants	Study participants were pregnant women recruited in a maternity hospital or in the community. A total of 233 pregnant women were randomly assigned to either the Preparing for Life—Home Visiting group that received home visiting services (“high PFL”; 115 participants) or the comparison condition (“low PFL”; 118 participants) that did not receive home visiting services. The study included a total of 165 participants, 82 in the high PFL group and 83 in the low PFL comparison group. Outcomes were measured when the children in the sample were 12 months old. At intake, the average age of the mothers was 25. The percentage of mothers identifying as Irish was 96 percent, and 4 percent identified as Irish Traveller. About half of the women were first-time mothers.
Setting	The study took place in North Dublin, Ireland.
Intervention services	Preparing for Life—Home Visiting provided home visits that lasted 30 minutes to two hours during the mother’s pregnancy and until the child started school at age 5. The majority of participants received visits every two weeks, though some participants received services monthly. The home visitor was a trained Preparing for Life mentor. The mentor provided information by using tip sheets and worked with participants to resolve issues around the child’s development, including the child’s prebirth development, nutrition, rest and routine, and cognitive and social development. The mentor also addressed the mother and her supports. Participants had access to baby massage sessions until the child was 10 months old. Participants also received packages of materials, including home safety items (corner guards, angle latches, heat-sensitive spoons, and baby gym/play mats) and toys (puzzles, activity toys, and bricks), worth about 100 Euros per package.
Comparison conditions	Participants in the low PFL (comparison) group did not have access to the home visiting services or tip sheets. The comparison group did, however, receive some of the same resources made available to the high PFL (intervention) group, including the package of safety items and toys. These participants had access to an information officer who met with participants before the child’s birth and at various intervals after birth and provided information on Preparing for Life community events and other local services. Participants in the comparison group had access to public health workshops, such as a stress-control program and a healthy food program.
Subgroups examined	This field lists subgroups examined in the manuscript (even if they were not replicated in other samples and not reported on the summary page for this model’s report). • Child gender (boy or girl) • Parity (primiparous) • Relationship status (single parent) • Cognitive resources of mother (high or low as measured by the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence) • Emotional well-being level of mother (high or low as measured by the World Health Organization Wellbeing Index) • Maternal substance use/disorder (smoked or drank during pregnancy) • Maternal familial risk (high as measured by a survey of household domestic risks)
Funding sources	The Atlantic Philanthropies and the Department of Children and Youth Affairs (Ireland) supported the research.
Author affiliation	Dr. Doyle and the Preparing for Life Evaluation team are affiliated with the University College Dublin Geary Institute for Public Policy. The authors were contracted by the home visiting model developers to evaluate Preparing for Life—Home Visiting.
Peer reviewed	No

Study Registration:

Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: None found. SocialScienceRegistry.org Identifier: None found. Registry of Efficacy and Effectiveness Studies Identifier: None found. Study registration was assessed by HomVEE for Clinicaltrials.gov beginning with the 2014 review, and for other registries beginning with the 2021 review.

Findings that rate moderate or high

Child development and school readiness
Rating	Outcome measure	Effect	Sample	Timing of follow-up	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
High	Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), Fine Motor Cut-off	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.02	Unadjusted proportion = 0.04	Mean difference = -0.02	Study reported = -0.07	Not statistically significant, p = 0.46	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), Gross Motor Cut-off	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.11	Unadjusted proportion = 0.14	Mean difference = -0.03	Study reported = -0.10	Not statistically significant, p = 0.56	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), Problem Solving Cut-off	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.06	Unadjusted proportion = 0.11	Mean difference = -0.05	Study reported = -0.17	Not statistically significant, p = 0.26	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), Problem Solving Score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 46.40	Unadjusted mean = 46.33	Mean difference = 0.07	Study reported = 0.01	Not statistically significant, p = 0.97	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), Social-Emotional Cut-off	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.10	Unadjusted proportion = 0.07	Mean difference = 0.03	Study reported = 0.09	Not statistically significant, p = 0.49	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), Standardised Total Score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 100.08	Unadjusted mean = 98.09	Mean difference = 1.99	Study reported = 0.13	Not statistically significant, p = 0.41	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Brief Child-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA), Competence Score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 15.39	Unadjusted mean = 14.84	Mean difference = 0.55	Study reported = 0.16	Not statistically significant, p = 0.80	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Brief Child-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA), Competence Score Cut-off	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.16	Unadjusted proportion = 0.28	Mean difference = -0.12	Study reported = -0.29	Not statistically significant, p = 0.07	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Brief Child-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA), Problem Score Cut-off	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.22	Unadjusted proportion = 0.24	Mean difference = -0.02	Study reported = -0.05	Not statistically significant, p = 0.76	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Developmental Profile-3 (DP3), Cognitive Development Above Average Cut-off	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.54	Unadjusted proportion = 0.52	Mean difference = 0.02	Study reported = 0.04	Not statistically significant, p = 0.80	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Difficult Temperament (items adapted from Child Characteristics Questionnaire)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 12.66	Unadjusted mean = 13.30	Mean difference = -0.64	Study reported = -0.11	Not statistically significant, p = 0.47	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI), First Communicative Gestures	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	162 children	Unadjusted mean = 8.84	Unadjusted mean = 9.70	Mean difference = -0.86	Study reported = -0.37	Not statistically significant, p = 0.53	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI), Vocabulary Words Produced	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 55.27	Unadjusted mean = 55.66	Mean difference = -0.39	Study reported = -0.12	Not statistically significant, p = 0.98	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI), Vocabulary Words Understood	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 74.43	Unadjusted mean = 77.71	Mean difference = -3.28	Study reported = -0.15	Not statistically significant, p = 0.76	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Temperament and Atypical Behaviour Scale (TABS) Score, proportion at risk of atypical development	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.33	Unadjusted proportion = 0.40	Mean difference = -0.07	Study reported = -0.14	Not statistically significant, p = 0.35	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Temperament and Atypical Behaviour Scale (TABS) Score, total score (risk of atypical development above a score of 0)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 0.95	Unadjusted mean = 1.22	Mean difference = -0.27	Study reported = -0.14	Not statistically significant, p = 0.36	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Used any type of childcare	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	163 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.30	Unadjusted proportion = 0.45	Mean difference = -0.15	Study reported = 0.30	Not statistically significant, p = 0.05	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
High	Used formal childcare	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	163 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.11	Unadjusted proportion = 0.20	Mean difference = -0.09	Study reported = -0.25	Not statistically significant, p = 0.12	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d

Child health
Rating	Outcome measure	Effect	Sample	Timing of follow-up	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
High	Ever vaccinated	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.99	Unadjusted proportion = 0.96	Mean difference = 0.03	Study reported = 0.16	Not statistically significant, p = 0.26	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	How often the child eats dairy	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 6.57	Unadjusted mean = 6.20	Mean difference = 0.37	Study reported = 0.29	Not statistically significant, p = 0.06	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	How often the child eats fruits	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 6.20	Unadjusted mean = 6.20	Mean difference = 0.00	Study reported = 0.01	Not statistically significant, p = 1.00	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	How often the child eats grains	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 6.36	Unadjusted mean = 6.01	Mean difference = 0.35	Study reported = 0.29	Not statistically significant, p = 0.07	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	How often the child eats other food (for example, sweets, crisps, and chips)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	164 children	Unadjusted mean = 4.37	Unadjusted mean = 4.72	Mean difference = -0.35	Study reported = -0.19	Not statistically significant, p = 0.23	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	How often the child eats protein	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 5.63	Unadjusted mean = 5.47	Mean difference = 0.16	Study reported = 0.14	Not statistically significant, p = 0.40	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	How often the child eats vegetables	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 6.04	Unadjusted mean = 6.02	Mean difference = 0.02	Study reported = 0.01	Not statistically significant, p = 0.88	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Necessary immunisations at 12 months	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.27	Unadjusted proportion = 0.14	Mean difference = 0.13	Study reported = 0.31	Statistically significant, p = 0.04	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Sleeps undisturbed through the night	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.66	Unadjusted proportion = 0.71	Mean difference = -0.05	Study reported = -0.11	Not statistically significant, p = 0.49	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d

Family economic self-sufficiency
Rating	Outcome measure	Effect	Sample	Timing of follow-up	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
High	Equivalised weekly household income	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	142 families	Unadjusted mean = 230.64	Unadjusted mean = 231.57	Mean difference = -0.93	Study reported = -0.01	Not statistically significant, p = 0.96	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Mother in paid employment	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	163 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.33	Unadjusted proportion = 0.40	Mean difference = -0.07	Study reported = -0.15	Not statistically significant, p = 0.36	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Mother long-term unemployed (greater than 12 months)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	162 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.15	Unadjusted proportion = 0.23	Mean difference = -0.08	Study reported = -0.21	Not statistically significant, p = 0.20	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Mother unemployed	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	164 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.27	Unadjusted proportion = 0.34	Mean difference = -0.07	Study reported = -0.14	Not statistically significant, p = 0.33	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Receives social welfare payments	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	163 families	Unadjusted proportion = 0.84	Unadjusted proportion = 0.80	Mean difference = 0.04	Study reported = 0.09	Not statistically significant, p = 0.51	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Saves regularly	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	163 families	Unadjusted proportion = 0.48	Unadjusted proportion = 0.51	Mean difference = -0.03	Study reported = -0.06	Not statistically significant, p = 0.70	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d

Linkages and referrals
Rating	Outcome measure	Effect	Sample	Timing of follow-up	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
High	Social worker working with family	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.06	Unadjusted proportion = 0.05	Mean difference = 0.01	Study reported = 0.06	Not statistically significant, p = 0.78	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d

Maternal health
Rating	Outcome measure	Effect	Sample	Timing of follow-up	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
High	Below World Health Organisation - Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) Score of 13	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.35	Unadjusted proportion = 0.42	Mean difference = -0.07	Study reported = -0.14	Not statistically significant, p = 0.36	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Below World Health Organisation - Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) Score of 13 (0-6 months), difference-in-difference estimate	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 0.26	Unadjusted mean = 0.24	Mean difference = 0.02	HomVEE calculated = 0.00	Not statistically significant, p = 1.00	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Consumed alcohol above recommended level	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	159 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.11	Unadjusted proportion = 0.10	Mean difference = 0.01	Study reported = 0.04	Not statistically significant, p = 0.84	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Currently pregnant	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.06	Unadjusted proportion = 0.04	Mean difference = 0.02	Study reported = 0.12	Not statistically significant, p = 0.56	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Drank alcohol in past 6 months	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	164 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.83	Unadjusted proportion = 0.94	Mean difference = -0.11	Study reported = -0.36	Statistically significant, p = 0.04	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Drug use in past 6 months	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	164 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.02	Unadjusted proportion = 0.04	Mean difference = -0.02	Study reported = -0.07	Not statistically significant, p = 0.46	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Future Outlook Inventory (FOI)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 2.66	Unadjusted mean = 2.63	Mean difference = 0.03	Study reported = 0.06	Not statistically significant, p = 0.73	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Healthy Eating Scale (adapted from Shrivastava et al., 2013)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	163 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 19.14	Unadjusted mean = 19.52	Mean difference = -0.38	Study reported = -0.07	Not statistically significant, p = 0.68	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
High	Less than 6 hours sleep per night	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	162 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.21	Unadjusted proportion = 0.17	Mean difference = 0.04	Study reported = 0.09	Not statistically significant, p = 0.52	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Maternal Efficacy Mean Score (combined Pearlin Self-Efficacy Scale and Parental Self-Efficacy)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 3.00	Unadjusted mean = 3.07	Mean difference = -0.07	Study reported = -0.13	Not statistically significant, p = 0.37	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Maternal Efficacy Mean Score (combined Pearlin Self-Efficacy Scale and Parental Self-Efficacy), difference-in-difference estimate	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 3.00	Unadjusted mean = 3.07	Mean difference = -0.07	HomVEE calculated = 0.14	Not statistically significant, p = 0.37	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Meets friends daily	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	164 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.65	Unadjusted proportion = 0.54	Mean difference = 0.11	Study reported = 0.23	Not statistically significant, p = 0.15	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
High	Number of general practitioner visits in past 6 months	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	164 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 2.51	Unadjusted mean = 2.17	Mean difference = 0.34	Study reported = 0.09	Not statistically significant, p = 0.57	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Parental Self-Efficacy (adapted from Borkowski et al., 2001)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 3.16	Unadjusted mean = 3.29	Mean difference = -0.13	Study reported = -0.24	Not statistically significant, p = 0.13	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Parental Self-Efficacy (adapted from Borkowski et al., 2001), difference-in-difference estimate	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 3.16	Unadjusted mean = 3.29	Mean difference = -0.13	HomVEE calculated = 0.02	Not statistically significant, p = 0.91	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Pearlin Self-Efficacy Scale, Mastery cut-off	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.12	Unadjusted proportion = 0.14	Mean difference = -0.02	Study reported = -0.07	Not statistically significant, p = 0.70	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Pearlin Self-Efficacy Scale, Mastery Mean Score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 2.87	Unadjusted mean = 2.88	Mean difference = -0.01	Study reported = -0.02	Not statistically significant, p = 0.91	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Pearlin Self-Efficacy Scale, Mastery Mean Score, difference-in-difference estimate	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 2.87	Unadjusted mean = 2.88	Mean difference = -0.01	HomVEE calculated = 0.19	Not statistically significant, p = 0.23	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Regular exercise	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	164 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.41	Unadjusted proportion = 0.42	Mean difference = -0.01	Study reported = -0.03	Not statistically significant, p = 0.90	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Smoked in past 6 months	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	164 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.53	Unadjusted proportion = 0.52	Mean difference = 0.01	Study reported = 0.03	Not statistically significant, p = 0.90	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	World Health Organisation - Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) Percentage Score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 57.61	Unadjusted mean = 56.39	Mean difference = 1.22	Study reported = 0.05	Not statistically significant, p = 0.75	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	World Health Organisation - Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) Percentage Score (0-6 months), difference-in-difference estimate	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 63.69	Unadjusted mean = 64.98	Mean difference = -1.29	HomVEE calculated = 0.06	Not statistically significant, p = 0.68	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d

Positive parenting practices
Rating	Outcome measure	Effect	Sample	Timing of follow-up	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
High	Adult Adolescent Parenting Inventory 2 (AAPI), Appropriate parent-child roles	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 6.11	Unadjusted mean = 6.07	Mean difference = 0.04	Study reported = 0.02	Not statistically significant, p = 0.91	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Adult Adolescent Parenting Inventory 2 (AAPI), Belief in the use of inappropriate punishment- At risk cut-off	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.00	Unadjusted proportion = 0.02	Mean difference = -0.02	Study reported = -0.22	Not statistically significant, p = 0.63	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Adult Adolescent Parenting Inventory 2 (AAPI), Inappropriate parent-child roles- At risk cut-off	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.12	Unadjusted proportion = 0.12	Mean difference = 0.00	Study reported = 0.00	Not statistically significant, p = 1.00	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Adult Adolescent Parenting Inventory 2 (AAPI), Parental empathy	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 4.93	Unadjusted mean = 4.92	Mean difference = 0.01	Study reported = 0.01	Not statistically significant, p = 0.98	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Adult Adolescent Parenting Inventory 2 (AAPI), Parental lack of empathy- At risk of cut-off	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.34	Unadjusted proportion = 0.24	Mean difference = 0.10	Study reported = 0.22	Not statistically significant, p = 0.16	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Adult Adolescent Parenting Inventory 2 (AAPI), Realistic parental expectations of children	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 6.62	Unadjusted mean = 6.46	Mean difference = 0.16	Study reported = 0.09	Not statistically significant, p = 0.59	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Adult Adolescent Parenting Inventory 2 (AAPI), total number of scales at risk	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 0.76	Unadjusted mean = 0.76	Mean difference = 0.00	Study reported = 0.00	Not statistically significant, p = 1.00	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Adult Adolescent Parenting Inventory 2 (AAPI), Total score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 124.18	Unadjusted mean = 125.71	Mean difference = -1.53	Study reported = -0.11	Not statistically significant, p = 0.47	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Adult Adolescent Parenting Inventory 2 (AAPI), Unrealistic parental expectations of children- At risk cut-off	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.06	Unadjusted proportion = 0.05	Mean difference = 0.01	Study reported = 0.06	Not statistically significant, p = 0.78	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory (AAPI), Appropriate parent-child roles, difference-in-difference estimate	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 28.04	Unadjusted mean = 27.78	Mean difference = 0.26	HomVEE calculated = -0.08	Not statistically significant, p = 0.59	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory (AAPI), Belief in the use of appropriate punishment, difference-in-difference estimate	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 45.84	Unadjusted mean = 45.14	Mean difference = 0.70	HomVEE calculated = 0.30	Not statistically significant, p = 0.054	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory (AAPI), Belief in the use of inappropriate punishment- At risk cut-off, difference-in-difference estimate	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 0.00	Unadjusted mean = 0.02	Mean difference = -0.02	HomVEE calculated = 0.19	Not statistically significant, p = 0.23	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory (AAPI), Inappropriate parent-child roles- At risk cut-off, difference-in-difference estimate	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 0.12	Unadjusted mean = 0.12	Mean difference = 0.00	HomVEE calculated = 0.15	Not statistically significant, p = 0.33	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory (AAPI), Parental empathy, difference-in-difference estimate	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 39.65	Unadjusted mean = 39.52	Mean difference = 0.13	HomVEE calculated = -0.06	Not statistically significant, p = 0.69	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory (AAPI), Parental lack of empathy- At risk of cut-off, difference-in-difference estimate	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 0.34	Unadjusted mean = 0.24	Mean difference = 0.10	Study reported = 0.33	Statistically significant, p = 0.04	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory (AAPI), Realistic parental expectations of children, difference-in-difference estimate	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 25.17	Unadjusted mean = 24.64	Mean difference = 0.53	HomVEE calculated = -0.10	Not statistically significant, p = 0.52	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory (AAPI), Unrealistic parental expectations of children- At risk cut-off, difference-in-difference estimate	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 0.06	Unadjusted mean = 0.05	Mean difference = 0.01	Study reported = 0.35	Statistically significant, p = 0.03	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Appropriateness of sleeping location	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	162 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.87	Unadjusted proportion = 0.95	Mean difference = -0.08	Study reported = -0.30	Not statistically significant, p = 0.09	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Family Environment Scale (FES), Cohesion Standard Score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 55.51	Unadjusted mean = 58.07	Mean difference = -2.56	Study reported = -0.27	Not statistically significant, p = 0.08	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Family Environment Scale (FES), Conflict Standard Score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 70.43	Unadjusted mean = 69.63	Mean difference = 0.80	Study reported = 0.09	Not statistically significant, p = 0.57	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Family Environment Scale (FES), Organisation Standard Score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 48.15	Unadjusted mean = 46.88	Mean difference = 1.27	Study reported = 0.14	Not statistically significant, p = 0.37	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Father has daily contact with child	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	164 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.68	Unadjusted proportion = 0.67	Mean difference = 0.01	Study reported = 0.01	Not statistically significant, p = 0.89	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Father part of child's life	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	164 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.94	Unadjusted proportion = 0.89	Mean difference = 0.05	Study reported = 0.17	Not statistically significant, p = 0.26	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
High	Satisfied with father's involvement	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	12 months old	165 mothers	Unadjusted mean = 62.91	Unadjusted mean = 62.54	Mean difference = 0.37	Study reported = 0.04	Not statistically significant, p = 0.78	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d