Healthy Steps (National Evaluation 1996 Protocol) Meets HHS Criteria

This report focuses on Healthy Steps as implemented in the 1996 evaluation. HHS has determined that home visiting is not the primary service delivery strategy and the model does not meet current requirements for MIECHV program implementation.

Model effectiveness research report last updated: 2011

Effects shown in research

Maternal health

Findings rated high

Healthy Steps (National Evaluation 1996 Protocol)
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Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance
Mother resumed smoking
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
2-4 months The 6 RCT national evaluation sites 1987 mothers Not reported Not reported OR = 1.20 HomVEE calculated = -0.02 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Healthy Steps - PrePare supplement relative to Healthy Steps only subgroup
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Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance
CES-D scale
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
30 months Healthy Steps sample 239 mothers Mean = 4.74 Mean = 3.80 Mean difference = 0.55 Not available Statistically significant,
p < 0.05
Any illicit drug use in past year
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
30 months Healthy Steps sample 239 mothers Mean = 0.07 Mean = 0.05 OR = 1.02 HomVEE calculated = 0.01 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Clinically significant depressive symptoms
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
30 months Healthy Steps sample 239 mothers Mean = 0.10 Mean = 0.07 OR = 0.93 HomVEE calculated = -0.04 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Healthy Steps - PrePare supplement relative to Healthy Steps only subgroup
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Outcome measure Effect Follow-up timing Sample Sample size Intervention group Comparison group Group difference Effect size Statistical significance
CES-D score above clinical cutoff
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
3 months Healthy Steps sample 275 mothers Mean = 0.06 Mean = 0.07 OR = 0.65 HomVEE calculated = -0.26 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Any CES-D mental health symptoms
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
3 months Healthy Steps sample 275 mothers Mean = 0.14 Mean = 0.01 OR = 0.95 HomVEE calculated = -0.03 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Household drug/alcohol concern
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
3 months Healthy Steps sample 275 mothers Mean = 0.10 Mean = 0.05 OR = 1.62 HomVEE calculated = 0.29 Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Modified CES-D scale
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
3 months Healthy Steps sample 275 mothers Mean = 4.18 Mean = 3.56 Mean difference = 0.33 Not available Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Psychosocial profile (Daily Hassles) score
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
3 months Healthy Steps sample 275 mothers Mean = 15.85 Mean = 15.21 Mean difference = 0.38 Not available Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Support Behavior Inventory – Family
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
3 months Healthy Steps sample 275 mothers Mean = 60.38 Mean = 60.43 Mean difference = 0.30 Not available Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
Support Behavior Inventory – Partner
FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect
3 months Healthy Steps sample 275 mothers Mean = 58.71 Mean = 60.25 Mean difference = 0.30 Not available Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
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