Maternal Infant Health Outreach Worker (MIHOW)^®

Model effectiveness research report last updated: 2022

Effects shown in research

Child health

Findings rated high

Lutenbacher, M., Dietrich, M. S., & Elkins, T. (2016). Evaluation of the Maternal Infant Health Outreach Worker (MIHOW) program model in a sample of Hispanic women: A collaborative project between Catholic Charities and Vanderbilt University School of Nursing. Report submitted to the Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness (HomVEE) Review.

Maternal Infant Health Outreach Worker (MIHOW)^®

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Child given other liquids by 2 months postpartum	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample	176 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.01	Unadjusted proportion = 0.06	Difference = -0.05	HomVEE calculated = -1.03	Not statistically significant, p = 0.13	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Child given other liquids by 6 months postpartum	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample	178 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.90	Unadjusted proportion = 0.91	Difference = -0.01	HomVEE calculated = -0.05	Not statistically significant, p = 0.87	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Child given solid food by 6 months postpartum	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample	178 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.91	Unadjusted proportion = 0.92	Difference = -0.01	HomVEE calculated = -0.06	Not statistically significant, p = 0.86	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Lutenbacher, M., Elkins, T., & Dietrich, M. S. (unpublished manuscript). Using community health workers to improve health outcomes in a sample of Hispanic women and their infants: Findings from a randomized clinical trial.

Maternal Infant Health Outreach Worker (MIHOW)^®

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Child given solid food by 9 months postpartum	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	9 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample	109 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 1.00	Unadjusted proportion = 0.98	Difference = 0.02	HomVEE calculated = 1.80	Not statistically significant, p= 0.23
Currently breastfeeding at 9 months postpartum	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	9 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample	109 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.43	Unadjusted proportion = 0.25	Difference = 0.18	Study reported = 0.46	Statistically significant, p= 0.04	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D.

Lutenbacher, M., Elkins, T., Dietrich, M. S., & Riggs, A. (2018). The efficacy of using peer mentors to improve maternal and infant health outcomes in Hispanic families: Findings from a randomized clinical trial. Maternal & Child Health Journal, 22(1), 92-104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-018-2532-z

Maternal Infant Health Outreach Worker (MIHOW)^®

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Breastfeeding at 6 months postpartum	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample	175 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.50	Unadjusted proportion = 0.49	Difference = 0.01	HomVEE calculated = 0.01	Not statistically significant, p = 0.94	HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Ever breastfed the child	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 weeks postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample	177 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.86	Unadjusted proportion = 0.83	Difference = 0.03	Study reported = 0.13	Not statistically significant, p= 0.57	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D.
Median number of weeks of exclusive breastfeeding	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample	175 mothers	Unadjusted median = 1.40	Unadjusted median = 0.30	Median difference = 1.10	Study reported = 0.04	Statistically significant, p= 0.01	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen’s D.
Never breastfed exclusively	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample	176 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.56	Unadjusted proportion = 0.79	Difference = -0.24	HomVEE calculated = -0.67	Statistically significant, p < .05	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.
Never breastfed the child	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample	175 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.14	Unadjusted proportion = 0.18	Difference = -0.03	HomVEE calculated = -0.14	Not statistically significant, p = 0.56	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Still exclusive breastfeeding 6 months postpartum	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample	176 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.02	Unadjusted proportion = 0.01	Difference = 0.01	HomVEE calculated = 0.40	Not statistically significant, p >= .05
Stopped breastfeeding by 2 months postpartum	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample	175 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.16	Unadjusted proportion = 0.09	Difference = 0.06	HomVEE calculated = 0.35	Not statistically significant, p = 0.23	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Stopped breastfeeding by 2 weeks postpartum	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 weeks postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample	175 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.02	Unadjusted proportion = 0.02	Difference = 0.00	HomVEE calculated = -0.04	Not statistically significant, p = 0.95	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Stopped breastfeeding by 6 months postpartum	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample	175 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.18	Unadjusted proportion = 0.21	Difference = -0.03	HomVEE calculated = -0.13	Not statistically significant, p = 0.57	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. HomVEE calculated significance Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Stopped breastfeeding exclusively by 2 months postpartum	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample	176 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.19	Unadjusted proportion = 0.08	Difference = 0.11	HomVEE calculated = 0.59	Statistically significant, p < .05	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.
Stopped breastfeeding exclusively by 2 weeks postpartum	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 weeks postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Davidson County, Tennessee, 2014-2016, full sample	176 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.23	Unadjusted proportion = 0.12	Difference = 0.12	HomVEE calculated = 0.51	Statistically significant, p < .05	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

Findings rated moderate

Lutenbacher, M., Elkins, T., & Dietrich, M. S. (unpublished manuscript). Using community health workers to improve health outcomes in a sample of Hispanic women and their infants: Findings from a randomized clinical trial.

Maternal Infant Health Outreach Worker (MIHOW)^®

Show findings details

Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Breastfeeding initiated (ever breastfed the child)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 weeks postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample	113 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.97	Unadjusted proportion = 0.89	Difference = 0.08	Study reported = 0.30	Not statistically significant, p= 0.11	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D.
Child given solid food by 2 months postpartum	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample	112 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.02	Unadjusted proportion = 0.08	Difference = -0.06	Study reported = -0.85	Not statistically significant, p= 0.12	Negative effect is favorable Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D.
Child given solid food by 6 months postpartum	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample	111 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.95	Unadjusted proportion = 0.93	Difference = 0.02	Study reported = 0.22	Not statistically significant, p= 0.61	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D.
Currently breastfeeding at 12 months postpartum	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample	110 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.37	Unadjusted proportion = 0.13	Difference = 0.24	Study reported = 0.74	Statistically significant, p <.01	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D.
Currently breastfeeding at 15 months postpartum	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	15 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample	110 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.11	Unadjusted proportion = 0.02	Difference = 0.09	HomVEE calculated = 1.09	Not statistically significant, p= 0.05
Currently breastfeeding at 2 months postpartum	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample	113 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.71	Unadjusted proportion = 0.61	Difference = 0.10	Study reported = 0.25	Not statistically significant, p= 0.26	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D.
Currently breastfeeding at 2 weeks postpartum	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2 weeks postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample	106 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.84	Unadjusted proportion = 0.82	Difference = 0.03	Study reported = 0.10	Not statistically significant, p= 0.73	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D.
Currently breastfeeding at 6 months postpartum	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months postpartum	MIHOW vs. MEI, Tennessee, 2018-2020, full sample	111 mothers	Unadjusted proportion = 0.52	Unadjusted proportion = 0.34	Difference = 0.18	Study reported = 0.40	Not statistically significant, p= 0.06	Author-reported effect size was calculated with Cohen's D.

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