Parents as Teachers (PAT)®

Model effectiveness research report last updated: 2019

Effects shown in research

Positive parenting practices

Findings rated high

Wagner, M., Clayton, S., Gerlach-Downie, S., & McElroy, M. (1999). An evaluation of the northern California Parents as Teachers demonstration. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International.

Parents as Teachers (PAT)^®

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Findings rated moderate

Wagner, M., & Spiker, D. (2001). Experiences and outcomes for children and families: Multisite Parents as Teachers evaluation. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International. http://www.sri.com/policy/cehs/publications/humanpub/patfinal.pdf.

Parents as Teachers (PAT)^®

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance
While doing everyday things parent reads aloud to child	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2-year assessment	Three-site sample	266 mothers	Mean = 3.10	Mean = 2.90	Mean difference = 0.20	Study reported = 0.20	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
While doing everyday things parent talks to/asks child questions	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	1-year assessment	Three-site sample	343 mothers	Mean = 3.30	Mean = 3.20	Mean difference = 0.10	Study reported = 0.09	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05
While doing everyday things parent talks to/asks child questions	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	2-year assessment	Three-site sample	266 mothers	Mean = 3.30	Mean = 3.40	Mean difference = -0.10	Study reported = -0.09	Not statistically significant, p ≥ 0.05

Wagner, M., Cameto, R., & Gerlach-Downie, S. (1996). Intervention in support of adolescent parents and their children: A final report on the Teen Parents as Teachers Demonstration. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International.

Parents as Teachers (PAT)^®

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Campbell, K. I., & Silva, P. A. (1997). Parents as first teachers pilot programme evaluation : Age three assessments. Final report to the ministry of education on the Dunedin and Gisborne/East coast areas. Wellington: Ministry of Education.

PAT Parents as First Teachers (New Zealand)

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Boyd, A. (1997). Parents as first teachers pilot project evaluation (PAFT) : Report on Whangarei region: Final complete draft. Wellington: Ministry of Education.

PAT Parents as First Teachers (New Zealand)

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Pfannenstiel, J. (2015). Evaluation of the i3 validation of improving education outcomes for American Indian children. Unpublished manuscript. Overland Park, KS: Research & Training Associates, Inc.

Baby FACE, an adaptation of PAT^®

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