Preparing for Life—Home Visiting

Model effectiveness research report last updated: 2023

Effects shown in research

Child development and school readiness

Findings rated high

Doyle, O. (2020). The first 2,000 days and child skills. Journal of Political Economy, 128(6), 2067-2122.

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ): Communication scores, Inverse Probability Weighted percentage below average	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.10	Adjusted proportion = 0.07	Mean difference = 0.03	Study reported = 0.13	Not statistically significant, p = 0.48	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ): Communication scores, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 children	Adjusted mean = 100.41	Adjusted mean = 100.59	Mean difference = -0.18	Study reported = -0.01	Not statistically significant, p = 0.94	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA): Competency score, Inverse Probability Weighted percentage cut-off: proportion at risk of clinically significant problems	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.11	Adjusted proportion = 0.09	Mean difference = 0.02	Study reported = 0.07	Not statistically significant, p = 0.67	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA): Competency score, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 children	Adjusted mean = 99.26	Adjusted mean = 100.12	Mean difference = -0.86	Study reported = -0.06	Not statistically significant, p = 0.71	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA): Problems score, Inverse Probability Weighted percentage cut-off: proportion at risk of clinically significant problems	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.13	Adjusted proportion = 0.23	Mean difference = -0.10	Study reported = -0.24	Not statistically significant, p = 0.10	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA): Problems score, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 children	Adjusted mean = 98.61	Adjusted mean = 101.88	Mean difference = -3.27	Study reported = -0.19	Not statistically significant, p = 0.16	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Externalizing scores, Inverse Probability Weighted percentage cut-off: proportion at risk of clinically significant problems	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	164 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.00	Adjusted proportion = 0.04	Mean difference = -0.04	Study reported = -0.21	Not statistically significant, p = 0.08	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Externalizing scores, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	164 children	Adjusted mean = 99.10	Adjusted mean = 100.89	Mean difference = -1.79	Study reported = -0.11	Not statistically significant, p = 0.44	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Internalizing scores, Inverse Probability Weighted percentage cut-off: proportion at risk of clinically significant problems	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	164 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.02	Adjusted proportion = 0.09	Mean difference = -0.07	Study reported = -0.24	Not statistically significant, p = 0.06	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Internalizing scores, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	164 children	Adjusted mean = 100.03	Adjusted mean = 101.17	Mean difference = -1.14	Study reported = -0.07	Not statistically significant, p = 0.63	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Total score, Inverse Probability Weighted percentage cut-off: proportion at risk of clinically significant problems	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	164 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.00	Adjusted proportion = 0.09	Mean difference = -0.09	Study reported = -0.32	Statistically significant, p = 0.01	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Total score, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	164 children	Adjusted mean = 98.74	Adjusted mean = 101.81	Mean difference = -3.07	Study reported = -0.18	Not statistically significant, p = 0.20	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Development Profile cognitive development score (DP-3), Inverse Probability Weighted percentage above average	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 children	Adjusted proportion = 0.64	Adjusted proportion = 0.52	Mean difference = 0.12	Study reported = 0.42	Not statistically significant, p = 0.12	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Development Profile cognitive development score (DP-3), Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 children	Adjusted mean = 101.64	Adjusted mean = 98.16	Mean difference = 3.48	Study reported = 0.22	Not statistically significant, p = 0.13	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model

Doyle, O., Harmon, C., Heckman, J. J., Logue, C., & Moon, S. H. (2017). Early skill formation and the efficiency of parental investment: A randomized controlled trial of home visiting. Labour Economics, 45, 40-58.

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), Fine motor score, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 54.33	Unadjusted mean = 51.87	Mean difference = 2.46	Study reported = 0.26	Not statistically significant, p = 0.10	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), Gross motor score, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 42.07	Unadjusted mean = 40.72	Mean difference = 1.35	Study reported = 0.07	Not statistically significant, p = 0.64	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), Gross motor score, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	173 children	Unadjusted mean = 40.78	Unadjusted mean = 38.50	Mean difference = 2.28	Study reported = 0.18	Not statistically significant, p = 0.23	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), Social-Emotional score, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 23.48	Unadjusted mean = 21.14	Mean difference = 2.34	Study reported = 0.12	Not statistically significant, p = 0.43	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), Social-Emotional score, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	173 children	Unadjusted mean = 14.76	Unadjusted mean = 15.17	Mean difference = -0.41	Study reported = -0.03	Not statistically significant, p = 0.83	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA), Competence score, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	161 children	Unadjusted mean = 15.44	Unadjusted mean = 14.88	Mean difference = 0.56	Study reported = 0.16	Not statistically significant, p = 0.31	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA), Problem score, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 8.82	Unadjusted mean = 8.90	Mean difference = -0.08	Study reported = -0.01	Not statistically significant, p = 0.93	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Developmental Profile-3: Cognitive Section, Cognitive development score, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 116.20	Unadjusted mean = 115.13	Mean difference = 1.07	HomVEE calculated = 0.07	Not statistically significant, p = 0.65	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Infant Characteristics Questionnaire/Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development, Difficult temperament, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	164 children	Unadjusted mean = 12.60	Unadjusted mean = 13.30	Mean difference = -0.70	HomVEE calculated = -0.12	Not statistically significant, p = 0.43	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Infant Characteristics Questionnaire/Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development, Difficult temperament, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	173 children	Unadjusted mean = 11.70	Unadjusted mean = 12.21	Mean difference = -0.51	HomVEE calculated = -0.09	Not statistically significant, p = 0.55	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Temperament and Atypical Behavior Scale (TABS), Atypical behavior score, unweighted	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	164 children	Unadjusted mean = 0.95	Unadjusted mean = 1.23	Mean difference = -0.28	Study reported = -0.15	Not statistically significant, p = 0.34	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

Doyle, O., McGlanaghy, E., O'Farrelly, C., & Tremblay, R. E. (2016). Can targeted intervention mitigate early emotional and behavioral problems?: Generating robust evidence within randomized controlled trials. Plos One, 11(6), Article e0156397.

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Externalizing Problems Cutoff, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	164 children	Not reported	Not reported	Mean difference = -0.04	Not available	Not statistically significant, p= ≥ 0.05	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Externalizing Problems Cutoff, Unweighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	164 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.09	Unadjusted proportion = 0.11	Mean difference = -0.02	HomVEE calculated = -0.15	Not statistically significant, p= ≥ 0.05	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Externalizing Problems, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	164 children	Not reported	Not reported	Mean difference = -1.33	HomVEE calculated = -0.14	Not statistically significant, p= ≥ 0.05	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Externalizing Problems, Unweighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	164 children	Unadjusted mean = 45.78	Unadjusted mean = 47.25	Mean difference = -0.39	HomVEE calculated = -0.04	Not statistically significant, p= ≥ 0.05	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Internalizing Problems Cutoff, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	164 children	Not reported	Not reported	Mean difference = -0.01	Not available	Not statistically significant, p= ≥ 0.05	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Internalizing Problems Cutoff, Unweighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	164 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.11	Unadjusted proportion = 0.12	Mean difference = -0.09	HomVEE calculated = -0.06	Not statistically significant, p= ≥ 0.05	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Internalizing Problems, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	164 children	Not reported	Not reported	Mean difference = -1.30	HomVEE calculated = -0.13	Not statistically significant, p= ≥ 0.05	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Internalizing Problems, Unweighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	164 children	Unadjusted mean = 45.84	Unadjusted mean = 46.55	Mean difference = -0.71	HomVEE calculated = -0.07	Not statistically significant, p= ≥ 0.05	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Total Problems Cutoff, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	164 children	Not reported	Not reported	Mean difference = -0.13	HomVEE calculated = -0.41	Statistically significant, p= <0.01	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Total Problems Cutoff, Unweighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	164 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.05	Unadjusted proportion = 0.16	Mean difference = -0.10	HomVEE calculated = -0.33	Statistically significant, p= <0.05	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Total Problems, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	164 children	Not reported	Not reported	Mean difference = -2.36	HomVEE calculated = -0.23	Not statistically significant, p= ≥ 0.05	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Total Problems, Unweighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	164 children	Unadjusted mean = 45.79	Unadjusted mean = 47.25	Mean difference = -1.46	HomVEE calculated = -0.14	Not statistically significant, p= ≥ 0.05	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention.

O'Sullivan, A., Fitzpatrick, N., & Doyle, O. (2017). Effects of early intervention on dietary intake and its mediating role on cognitive functioning: A randomised controlled trial. Public Health Nutrition, 20(1), 154-164.

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance
Developmental Profile-3: Cognitive section	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Coefficient = Infants	Coefficient = Infants	Mean difference = 4.38	HomVEE calculated = 0.29	Not statistically significant, p= 0.06

PFL Evaluation Team at the UCD Geary Institute. (2012). Preparing For Life early childhood intervention: Assessing the impact of Preparing For Life at six months [Study 1: Randomized controlled trial]. Dublin, Ireland: UCD Geary Institute.

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) Gross Motor Cut-off Score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	173 mother/child dyads	Unadjusted proportion = 0.01	Unadjusted proportion = 0.04	Mean difference = -0.03	Study reported = -0.19	Not statistically significant, p = 0.25	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) Personal Social Cut-off Score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	173 mother/child dyads	Adjusted proportion = 0.06	Adjusted proportion = 0.10	Mean difference = -0.04	Study reported = -0.15	Not statistically significant, p = 0.34	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) Social-Emotional Cut-off score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	173 mother/child dyads	Unadjusted proportion = 0.01	Unadjusted proportion = 0.04	Mean difference = -0.03	Study reported = -0.19	Not statistically significant, p = 0.25	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), Personal Social Score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	6 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	173 mother/child dyads	Unadjusted mean = 46.69	Unadjusted mean = 45.94	Mean difference = 0.75	Study reported = 0.06	Not statistically significant, p = 0.70	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d

PFL Evaluation Team at the UCD Geary Institute. (2012). Preparing For Life early childhood intervention: Assessing the impact of Preparing For Life at twelve months. Dublin, Ireland: UCD Geary Institute.

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Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), Fine Motor Cut-off	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.02	Unadjusted proportion = 0.04	Mean difference = -0.02	Study reported = -0.07	Not statistically significant, p = 0.46	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), Gross Motor Cut-off	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.11	Unadjusted proportion = 0.14	Mean difference = -0.03	Study reported = -0.10	Not statistically significant, p = 0.56	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), Problem Solving Cut-off	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.06	Unadjusted proportion = 0.11	Mean difference = -0.05	Study reported = -0.17	Not statistically significant, p = 0.26	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), Problem Solving Score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 46.40	Unadjusted mean = 46.33	Mean difference = 0.07	Study reported = 0.01	Not statistically significant, p = 0.97	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), Social-Emotional Cut-off	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.10	Unadjusted proportion = 0.07	Mean difference = 0.03	Study reported = 0.09	Not statistically significant, p = 0.49	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), Standardised Total Score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 100.08	Unadjusted mean = 98.09	Mean difference = 1.99	Study reported = 0.13	Not statistically significant, p = 0.41	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
Brief Child-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA), Competence Score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 15.39	Unadjusted mean = 14.84	Mean difference = 0.55	Study reported = 0.16	Not statistically significant, p = 0.80	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
Brief Child-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA), Competence Score Cut-off	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.16	Unadjusted proportion = 0.28	Mean difference = -0.12	Study reported = -0.29	Not statistically significant, p = 0.07	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
Brief Child-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA), Problem Score Cut-off	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.22	Unadjusted proportion = 0.24	Mean difference = -0.02	Study reported = -0.05	Not statistically significant, p = 0.76	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
Developmental Profile-3 (DP3), Cognitive Development Above Average Cut-off	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.54	Unadjusted proportion = 0.52	Mean difference = 0.02	Study reported = 0.04	Not statistically significant, p = 0.80	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
Difficult Temperament (items adapted from Child Characteristics Questionnaire)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 12.66	Unadjusted mean = 13.30	Mean difference = -0.64	Study reported = -0.11	Not statistically significant, p = 0.47	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI), First Communicative Gestures	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	162 children	Unadjusted mean = 8.84	Unadjusted mean = 9.70	Mean difference = -0.86	Study reported = -0.37	Not statistically significant, p = 0.53	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI), Vocabulary Words Produced	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 55.27	Unadjusted mean = 55.66	Mean difference = -0.39	Study reported = -0.12	Not statistically significant, p = 0.98	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI), Vocabulary Words Understood	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 74.43	Unadjusted mean = 77.71	Mean difference = -3.28	Study reported = -0.15	Not statistically significant, p = 0.76	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
Temperament and Atypical Behaviour Scale (TABS) Score, proportion at risk of atypical development	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.33	Unadjusted proportion = 0.40	Mean difference = -0.07	Study reported = -0.14	Not statistically significant, p = 0.35	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
Temperament and Atypical Behaviour Scale (TABS) Score, total score (risk of atypical development above a score of 0)	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 children	Unadjusted mean = 0.95	Unadjusted mean = 1.22	Mean difference = -0.27	Study reported = -0.14	Not statistically significant, p = 0.36	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
Used any type of childcare	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	163 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.30	Unadjusted proportion = 0.45	Mean difference = -0.15	Study reported = 0.30	Not statistically significant, p = 0.05	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Used formal childcare	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	12 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	163 children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.11	Unadjusted proportion = 0.20	Mean difference = -0.09	Study reported = -0.25	Not statistically significant, p = 0.12	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d

PFL Evaluation Team at the UCD Geary Institute. (2013). Preparing For Life: Early childhood intervention: Assessing the impact of Preparing For Life at twenty-four months. Dublin, Ireland: UCD Geary Institute.

Preparing for Life—Home Visiting

Show findings details

Table help

Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ): Communication cut-off score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 mothers and children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.11	Unadjusted proportion = 0.07	Mean difference = 0.04	Study reported = 0.13	Not statistically significant, p = 0.37	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ): Communication score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 52.87	Unadjusted mean = 53.21	Mean difference = -0.34	Study reported = -0.03	Not statistically significant, p = 0.86	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ): Gross motor cut-off score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.06	Unadjusted proportion = 0.04	Mean difference = 0.02	Study reported = 0.12	Not statistically significant, p = 0.56	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ): Gross motor score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 54.39	Unadjusted mean = 54.76	Mean difference = -0.37	Study reported = -0.04	Not statistically significant, p = 0.78	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ): Social-emotional cut-off score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.12	Unadjusted proportion = 0.11	Mean difference = 0.01	Study reported = 0.05	Not statistically significant, p = 0.84	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ): Social-emotional score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 29.09	Unadjusted mean = 28.10	Mean difference = 0.99	Study reported = 0.04	Not statistically significant, p = 0.80	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA): Competence cut-off score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.11	Unadjusted proportion = 0.10	Mean difference = 0.01	Study reported = 0.05	Not statistically significant, p = 0.83	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA): Competence score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 18.18	Unadjusted mean = 18.36	Mean difference = -0.18	Study reported = -0.06	Not statistically significant, p = 0.67	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA): Dysregulation	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 2.71	Unadjusted mean = 3.49	Mean difference = -0.78	Study reported = -0.29	Not statistically significant, p = 0.07	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA): External problems, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 1.76	Unadjusted mean = 1.90	Mean difference = -0.14	Study reported = -0.07	Not statistically significant, p = 0.68	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA): Internal problems, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 1.67	Unadjusted mean = 2.05	Mean difference = -0.38	Study reported = -0.22	Not statistically significant, p = 0.16	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA): Problem cut-off score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.12	Unadjusted proportion = 0.23	Mean difference = -0.11	Study reported = -0.28	Not statistically significant, p = 0.07	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA): Problem score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 8.20	Unadjusted mean = 9.86	Mean difference = -1.66	Study reported = -0.24	Not statistically significant, p = 0.12	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA): Red flag	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 2.80	Unadjusted mean = 3.20	Mean difference = -0.40	Study reported = -0.14	Not statistically significant, p = 0.37	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Aggressive behavior	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 7.56	Unadjusted mean = 8.04	Mean difference = -0.48	Study reported = -0.08	Not statistically significant, p = 0.59	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Anxious/depressed, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 1.89	Unadjusted mean = 2.08	Mean difference = -0.19	Study reported = -0.11	Not statistically significant, p = 0.48	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Attention problems	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 1.96	Unadjusted mean = 2.18	Mean difference = -0.22	Study reported = -0.12	Not statistically significant, p = 0.44	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Emotionally reactive, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 1.74	Unadjusted mean = 2.05	Mean difference = -0.31	Study reported = -0.14	Not statistically significant, p = 0.36	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Externalizing problems cut-off, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.00	Unadjusted proportion = 0.04	Mean difference = -0.04	Study reported = -0.27	Not statistically significant, p = 0.29	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Externalizing problems, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 9.52	Unadjusted mean = 10.21	Mean difference = -0.69	Study reported = -0.10	Not statistically significant, p = 0.53	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Internalizing problems cut-off, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.02	Unadjusted proportion = 0.07	Mean difference = -0.05	Study reported = -0.22	Not statistically significant, p = 0.15	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Internalizing problems, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 6.26	Unadjusted mean = 6.87	Mean difference = -0.61	Study reported = -0.11	Not statistically significant, p = 0.49	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Other problems, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 7.38	Unadjusted mean = 8.94	Mean difference = -1.56	Study reported = -0.29	Not statistically significant, p = 0.06	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Sleep problems	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 1.95	Unadjusted mean = 2.74	Mean difference = -0.79	Study reported = -0.33	Statistically significant, p = 0.03	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Somatic complaints, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 1.48	Unadjusted mean = 1.67	Mean difference = -0.19	Study reported = -0.11	Not statistically significant, p = 0.49	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Total score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 25.11	Unadjusted mean = 28.76	Mean difference = -3.65	Study reported = -0.20	Not statistically significant, p = 0.19	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Total score cut-off	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.00	Unadjusted proportion = 0.07	Mean difference = -0.07	Study reported = -0.39	Not statistically significant, p = 0.22	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Withdrawn, Inverse Probability Weighted results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 1.15	Unadjusted mean = 1.07	Mean difference = 0.08	Study reported = 0.05	Not statistically significant, p = 0.74	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from inverse probability weighted (IPW) model
Child receiving special services, Multiple Imputation results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 0.06	Unadjusted mean = 0.02	Mean difference = 0.04	Study reported = 0.19	Not statistically significant, p = 0.20	Submitted by user on Fri, 03/15/2019 - 14:29 Negative effect is favorable to the intervention. Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from model using multiple imputation (MI)
Developmental Profiles 3 (DP-3): Above average cut-off, Multiple Imputation results	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.66	Unadjusted proportion = 0.54	Mean difference = 0.12	Study reported = 0.25	Not statistically significant, p = 0.12	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Finding from model using multiple imputation (MI)
Developmental Profiles 3 (DP-3): Cognitive development standardized score	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 116.51	Unadjusted mean = 112.57	Mean difference = 3.94	Study reported = 0.27	Not statistically significant, p = 0.09	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI): Can combine words	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.93	Unadjusted proportion = 0.88	Mean difference = 0.05	Study reported = 0.16	Not statistically significant, p = 0.28	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI): Vocabulary words produced	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	166 mothers and children	Unadjusted mean = 40.22	Unadjusted mean = 39.33	Mean difference = 0.89	Study reported = 0.03	Not statistically significant, p = 0.85	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.
Uses any type of childcare	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	24 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	165 mothers and children	Unadjusted proportion = 0.43	Unadjusted proportion = 0.48	Mean difference = -0.05	Study reported = -0.09	Not statistically significant, p = 0.52	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations.

PFL Evaluation Team at the UCD Geary Institute. (2013). Preparing For Life: Early childhood intervention. Assessing the impact of Preparing For Life at eighteen months. Dublin, Ireland: UCD Geary Institute.

Preparing for Life—Home Visiting

Show findings details

Table help

Outcome measure	Effect	Follow-up timing	Sample	Sample size	Intervention group	Comparison group	Group difference	Effect size	Statistical significance	Notes
MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories: Words and Gestures (CDI-WG), Vocabulary Words Produced	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	18 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	126 children	Unadjusted mean = 54.34	Unadjusted mean = 54.38	Mean difference = -0.04	Study reported = 0.00	Not statistically significant, p = 0.99	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d
MacArthur-Bates Communicative Developmental Inventories: Words and Gestures (CDI-WG), Vocabulary Words Understood	FavorableUnfavorable or ambiguousNo Effect	18 months old	High PFL vs. Low PFL; Dublin, Ireland 2008-2010; full sample	126 children	Unadjusted mean = 63.95	Unadjusted mean = 68.94	Mean difference = -4.99	Study reported = -0.17	Not statistically significant, p = 0.34	Submitted by nwu on Fri, 04/12/2019 - 18:31 Statistical significance is based on HomVEE calculations. Authors' reported effect size is Cohen's d

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